“…A multilayer friction surface has been found in ferrous metals. Moreover, this surface is divided into several zones, one of these zones being the ªwhiteº layer, consisting of friction martensite as a result of high temperatures and shear stresses [3,4,6,7]. The conditions of crushing and dissolution of primary carbides, the distribution of alloying elements, the degree of c 6 a transformations, the character of the dislocation density change, etc., resulting from friction have been established [7 ± 10].…”