Investigations of spinel LiZnxMn2−xO4 (x ≤ 0.03) cathode materials for a lithium ion battery application

Improved Electrochemical Properties of LiMn2O4-Based Cathode Material Co-Modified by Mg-Doping and Octahedral Morphology

“…Especially, the obvious agglomerated particle can be observed in the undoped LiMn 2 O 4 particles. These unsatisfactory characteristics usually have a greater negative impact on the electrochemical properties of the cathode material [35,36]. For the LiMn 1.95 Mg 0.05 O 4 sample (Figure 2e), it shows relatively good size distribution, which is closely related to the addition of a certain amount of magnesium ions, which agrees with the research result [23,33].…”

“…After 100 cycles, the discharge capacity presents much decrease with the 100th capacity of 83.5 mAh g −1 . Such poor performance is mainly attributed to the wide size distribution and large agglomerated particle [35]. When adding some magnesium ions, the LiMn 1.95 Mg 0.05 O 4 sample shows higher capacity retention than that of undoped LiMn 2 O 4 sample.…”

In Situ Formed Core–Shell LiZnxMn2–xO4@ZnMn2O4 as Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries

“…To solve the above problems, surface modification and elemental-doping strategies are commonly employed to enhance the structural stability and inhibit phase transitions by a thin metal oxide coating or doping of low-valency cations (such as Li + , Mg 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cr 3+ , Co 3+ , Al 3+ , and Fe 3+ ), − among which Zn 2+ ions are one of the most commonly used cationic ions. Several previous reports have demonstrated that Zn doping can enhance the reversible capacity and electrochemical performance by suppressing the Jahn–Teller distortion. − In addition, surface modification of LiMn 2 O 4 with the reaction of ZnO nanoshells showed a much improved high-temperature performance with evidently suppressed Mn dissolution . Until now, the detailed microstructural mechanism of the influence of Zn doping or surface chemistry tuning on the electrochemical performance enhancement of spinel LiMn 2 O 4 is unclear.…”

In-situ XRD study of a Chromium doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode for Li-ion battery

“…There were used many different doping elements to try to improve LMO or LNMO performance. LMOs doping by phosphorus drastically improved cyclability and rate capability even at elevated temperatures [13], doping by zinc [14] also improved cyclability, and the increasing concentration of zinc provided long-term cycle stability and superior reproducibility. Materials moderately doped by molybdenum [10] had increased structural stability even at higher temperatures.…”