Investigations of Non-Physical Characteristic Modes of Material Bodies

Huang, Shaode; Pan, Jin; Luo, Yuyue

doi:10.1109/access.2018.2818196

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…15 After postprocessing, the eigenvalues were shown to agree with the ones of the VIO formulation giving real eigenvalues. Recently, several alternative CM formulations have been proposed for homogeneous dielectric bodies [17][18][19][20][21] as well as for combined PEC and lossless dielectric structures. [22][23][24][25] However, only Miers and Lau 16 and Ylä-Oijala et al 21 consider lossy cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of characteristic modes for lossy structures: Formulation and interpretation of eigenvalues

Ylä‐Oijala

Wallén

Järvenpää

2019

Int J Numerical Modelling

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Volume integral equation (VIE) and surface integral equation (SIE) based characteristic mode (CM) formulations are investigated in the case of lossy objects. Imperfectly conducting metallic structures modelled with an impedance boundary condition and lossy dielectric bodies are considered. Two types of CM formulations are studied. In the first one, the generalized eigenvalue equation is expressed in terms of the Hermitian parts of the integral operators. In the second one, the weighting operator of the eigenvalue equation is defined so that the eigenvectors form a weighted orthogonal set, weighted with respect to radiated power. The first approach gives real eigensolutions and is found to lead to clustering of the eigenvalues as losses are increased. From these solutions it is difficult to separate contributions of radiated, reactive, and dissipated power. This separation appears naturally in the second approach that gives complex eigensolutions. As applications including lossy materials, CM analyses of a graphene sheet and a plasmonic nanoparticle are presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of characteristic modes for lossy structures: Formulation and interpretation of eigenvalues

Ylä‐Oijala

Wallén

Järvenpää

2019

Int J Numerical Modelling

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“…These extra modes don't exist in the real world and can be recognized as spurious modes. More details about the spurious modes can be found in [11].…”

Section: A Sie Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, and i= J or M. Equations (11) and (12) result in two kinds of CMs, named here as the SIE-J-based CM and the SIE-M-based CM, respectively. Numerical results in Section III show that both of the two kinds of CMs can provide accurate modal behaviors, which are verified by the commercial software FEKO [21] and other available data.…”

Section: B Cms Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Surface Integral Equation-Based Characteristic Mode Formulations for Composite Metallic-Dielectric Objects

et al. 2020

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The characteristic modes (CMs) analysis can give physical insights into the intrinsic mechanisms of radiating structures. To obtain the CMs of composite metallic-dielectric objects is a very challenging task. Existing formulations encounter some problems in calculating the CMs of multiple and multi-layer composite structures. In this paper, we present two new surface integral equation (SIE) formulations for the calculation of CMs of composite metallic-dielectric objects. Employing the contact-region modeling (CRM) technique and the inherent dependent relationships between various kinds of equivalent sources, we propose two new SIE-based CM formulations wherein the electric or magnetic currents on the surfaces of dielectric regions are alternatively involved to suppress spurious modes. Compared to the existing formulations, the proposed formulations are easier to be extended to multiple and multi-layer composite structures. Numerical results of five representative structures are presented to validate the accuracy of the proposed formulations. INDEX TERMS Surface integral equation (SIE), characteristic modes (CMs), contact-region modeling (CRM), composite metallic-dielectric objects.

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“…In addition, instead of using the PMCHWT equations to construct the GEE, the external EFIE or MFIE were employed to play the role, while the internal equations were used to express the dependent relation of the electric and magnetic currents [12], which was reported able to suppress spurious modes for lossless cases, but lossy cases were not tested. Besides, a finding was reported that the spurious modes generated by the PMCHWT-based TCM did not meet the boundary condition of the internal domain [13], which provided a criterion to discard the intruded modes. To summarize, eliminating one of the electric or magnetic current is highly recommended but not sufficient to get rid of the spurious or extra modes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To summarize, eliminating one of the electric or magnetic current is highly recommended but not sufficient to get rid of the spurious or extra modes. And the approaches presented in [7]- [9] and [11]- [13] are just for lossless materials and further tests for lossy cases are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variant Characteristic Mode Equations Using Different Power Operators for Material Bodies

2021

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This paper is concerned with the electromagnetic theory of characteristic modes for general homogeneous material bodies using surface integral equations (SIEs), which are computationally more efficient than using volume integral equations (VIEs). However, the generalized eigenvalue equations (GEEs) based on SIEs are prone to generate spurious or extra modes, unlike their counterparts based on VIEs. In this work, several variant SIE-based GEEs are proposed to eliminate the spurious/extra modes and improve the numerical performances. These variant GEEs share a common point that the reactive power operator related to the material domain should be removed from the left-hand sides of GEEs by explicitly enforcing the boundary condition, because it seems sensitive to incur unwanted modes. These variant GEEs are diverse in choosing the active power operator related to the material domain on the right-hand sides to suit different medium parameters, which even can be dropped directly for lossless cases. Numerical results show that these variant GEEs do not generate spurious/extra resonant modes in observed frequency range, and at least one of the variants would have acceptable numerical accuracy.INDEX TERMS Characteristic modes, material bodies, power operators, spurious modes.

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Investigations of Non-Physical Characteristic Modes of Material Bodies

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Theory of characteristic modes for lossy structures: Formulation and interpretation of eigenvalues

Theory of characteristic modes for lossy structures: Formulation and interpretation of eigenvalues

Alternative Surface Integral Equation-Based Characteristic Mode Formulations for Composite Metallic-Dielectric Objects

Variant Characteristic Mode Equations Using Different Power Operators for Material Bodies

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