Investigations of Mars from the Soviet automatic stations Mars 2 and 3

Marov, M. Ya.; Petrov, Georgi I.

doi:10.1016/0019-1035(73)90120-6

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Before MEX, the Martian bow shock was partially sampled by various spacecraft since the 1960s, as summarized in Table . This includes the flyby of Mars by Mariner‐4 in 1965 (e.g., Dryer & Heckman, ; Smith, ; Smith et al, ), the Mars‐2,3 (December 1971 to March 1972; e.g., Dolginov et al, ; Marov & Petrov, ) and Mars‐5 orbiters (February 1974; e.g., Dolginov et al, ; Russell, , ; Slavin & Holzer, ), the Phobos‐2 orbiter (January–March 1989; e.g., Riedler et al, ; Slavin et al, ; Dolginov & Zhuzgov, ; Russell et al, ), and the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) orbiter during its aerobraking phase (1997‐1999, e.g., Albee et al, ; Vignes et al, , ). While these missions have observed the Martian bow shock, the measurements have been sparsely distributed over different seasons and levels of solar activity, as well as spanning separate solar cycles (see Table ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Martian Bow Shock Over Solar Cycle 23–24 as Observed by the Mars Express Mission

et al. 2019

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The Martian bow shock position is known to be correlated with solar extreme ultraviolet irradiance. Since this parameter is also correlated with the evolution of the solar cycle, it is expected that the Martian bow shock position should also vary over such a period. However, previous reports on this topic have often proved contradictory. Using 13 years of observations of the Martian bow shock by the Mars Express mission over the period 2004 to 2017, we report that the Martian bow shock position does vary over the solar cycle. Over this period, our analysis shows the bow shock position to increase on average by 7% between the solar minimum and maximum phases of solar cycle 23-24, which could be even larger for more extreme previous solar cycles. We show that both annual and solar cycle variations play major roles in the location of the bow shock at Mars.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Martian Bow Shock Over Solar Cycle 23–24 as Observed by the Mars Express Mission

et al. 2019

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“…The Soviet space-probe results have been interpreted as indicating that Mars possesses a significant intrinsic magnetic field (data summarized by Marov & Petrov 1973). A region of enhanced field penetrated by both the Mars-2 and Mars-3 probes in January 1972 at 2000-2500 km ahead of the planet was tentatively identified as the Martian magnetosphere (Dolginov, Yeroshenko & Zhuzgov 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Mars have a Magnetosphere?

Wallis

1975

Geophys J Int

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“…In spite of the failing of the landers, the orbiters sent back new data that enabled creation of surface relief, temperature and pressure maps, and gave information on the Martian gravity and magnetic fields (e.g. Marov & Petrov 1973). The data led to the following discoveries :…”

Section: Mars During the Space Agementioning

confidence: 97%

Investigating complex organic compounds in a simulated Mars environment

Kate¹,

Ruiterkamp

Botta

et al. 2002

International Journal of Astrobiology

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The search for organic molecules and traces of life on Mars has been a major topic in planetary science for several decades. 26 years ago Viking, a mission dedicated to the search for life on Mars, detected no traces of life. The search for extinct or extant life on Mars is the future perspective of several missions to the red planet, for example Beagle 2, the lander of the Mars Express mission. In order to determine what those missions should be looking for, laboratory experiments under simulated Mars conditions are crucial. This review paper describes ongoing experiments that are being performed in support of future Mars spacecraft missions. Besides the description of the experiments, the experimental hardware and set-up, this paper also gives the scientific rationale behind those experiments. The historical background of the search for life on Mars is outlined, followed by a description of the Viking Lander biology and molecular analysis experiments and their results, as well as a summary of possible reasons why no organic compounds have been detected. A section concerning organic compounds in space and related experiments discusses the organic molecules we will use in simulation experiments. The set-up is discussed briefly in the following section. We conclude with an overview of future missions, stressing the relation between these missions and our laboratory experiments. The research described in this article has been developed as part of a Mars Express Recognized Cooperating Laboratory (RCL), and for planned future Mars missions such as the PASTEUR lander.

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Investigations of Mars from the Soviet automatic stations Mars 2 and 3

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

The Martian Bow Shock Over Solar Cycle 23–24 as Observed by the Mars Express Mission

The Martian Bow Shock Over Solar Cycle 23–24 as Observed by the Mars Express Mission

Does Mars have a Magnetosphere?

Investigating complex organic compounds in a simulated Mars environment

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