Investigations of Liquid Steel Viscosity and Its Impact as the Initial Parameter on Modeling of the Steel Flow through the Tundish

Ślęzak, Marta; Warzecha, M.

doi:10.3390/ma13215025

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 28 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ), which exhibits excellent thermal shock resistance due to transformation toughening as cubic or tetragonal phases transform to the monoclinic phase, is used for submerged entry nozzles [13,14]. PSZ is obtained by stabilizing hightemperature phases at room temperature by adding stabilizers such as MgO, CaO, and Y 2 O 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Stability and Slag-Induced Destabilization in MnO2 and CeO2-Doped Calcia-Stabilized Zirconia

Lee,

Kim

et al. 2023

Materials

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MnO2 and CeO2 were doped to improve the corrosion resistance of CSZ (calcia-stabilized zirconia), and we studied the phase formation, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance by molten mold flux. The volume fraction of the monoclinic phase gradually decreased as the amount of MnO2 doping increased. The splitting phenomenon of the t(101) peak was observed in 2Mn_CSZ, and in 4Mn_CSZ, it was completely split, forming a cubic phase. The relative density increased and the monoclinic phase decreased as the doping amount increased, leading to an increase in Vickers hardness and flexural strength. However, in 3Mn_CSZ and 4Mn_CSZ, where cubic phase formation occurred, the tetragonal phase decreased, leading to a reduction in these properties. MnO2-doped CSZ exhibited a larger fraction of the monoclinic phase compared to the original CSZ after the corrosion test, indicating worsened corrosion resistance. These results are attributed to the predominant presence of Mn3+ and Mn2+ forms, rather than the Mn4+ form, which has a smaller basicity difference with SiO2, and due to the low melting point. The monoclinic phase fraction decreased as the doping amount of CeO2 increased in CeO2-doped CSZ, but the rate of decrease was lower compared to MnO2-doped CSZ. The monoclinic phase decreased as the doping amount increased, but the Vickers hardness and flexural strength showed a decreasing trend due to the low relative density. The destabilization behavior of Ca in SEM-EDS images before and after corrosion was difficult to identify due to the presence of Ca in the slag, and the destabilization behavior of Ce due to slag after corrosion was not observed. In the XRD data of the specimen surface after the corrosion test, the fraction of the monoclinic phase increased compared to before the test but showed a lower monoclinic phase fraction compared to CSZ. It is believed that CeO2 has superior corrosion resistance compared to CaO because Ce predominantly exists in the form of Ce4+, which has a smaller difference in basicity within the zirconia lattice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Stability and Slag-Induced Destabilization in MnO2 and CeO2-Doped Calcia-Stabilized Zirconia

Lee,

Kim

et al. 2023

Materials

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Microstructural modelling and characterisation of laser-keyhole welded Eurofer 97

Hargreaves¹,

Moore²,

Yuan³

et al. 2023

Materials & Design

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Numerical and experimental studies on the effects of molten steel viscosity on fluid flow, inclusion motion, and temperature distribution in a tundish

Li,

Hu,

Wang

et al. 2024

Physics of Fluids

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Tundishes are refractory vessels that are used to control the flow of molten steel, promote the removal of inclusions, and increase the homogeneity of temperature and composition during continuous casting processes by optimizing their geometric shape. The flow of molten steel in tundishes is a high-temperature process, and the optimization of the tundish structure is carried out by numerical and physical simulations. In numerical simulations, the viscosity of molten steel is generally set to a constant value; however, in industrial scenarios, the molten steel viscosity is variable with temperature. In the present work, the effects of molten steel viscosity varying with temperature on fluid flow, inclusion motion, and temperature distribution in a tundish were investigated by numerical simulations based on the modification of the top heat flux of the tundish, and the results were further verified by an industrial experiment. The removal rate of inclusions obtained from the industrial experiment was 40.40%. In numerical simulations, the inclusion removal rates were 50.85% and 40.67% when the fluid viscosity was constant and variable, respectively. Hence, when the molten steel viscosity was variable, the numerical simulation result was closer to the experimental one. The industrial experiment revealed that the temperature difference between the edge flow and the middle flow on the tundish liquid surface was 0 K. In numerical simulations, when the top heat fluxes of the tundish were 15 000 and 100 W/m2, the temperature differences on the tundish liquid surface were 5.95 and 0.16 K, respectively.

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Investigations of Liquid Steel Viscosity and Its Impact as the Initial Parameter on Modeling of the Steel Flow through the Tundish

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Phase Stability and Slag-Induced Destabilization in MnO2 and CeO2-Doped Calcia-Stabilized Zirconia

Phase Stability and Slag-Induced Destabilization in MnO2 and CeO2-Doped Calcia-Stabilized Zirconia

Microstructural modelling and characterisation of laser-keyhole welded Eurofer 97

Numerical and experimental studies on the effects of molten steel viscosity on fluid flow, inclusion motion, and temperature distribution in a tundish

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