Investigations of liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic rectangular duct flows under inclined transversal magnetic fields

Abstract

Numerical simulations on liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows in rectangular ducts with conducting or insulating walls under uniform or gradient inclined transversal magnetic fields are conducted in this study. The results of the influence of the inclined angles of the external magnetic fields on the MHD flow state are obtained. Numerical simulations based on fully developed modeling are conducted to investigate the influence of the inclined uniform magnetic field. This is a two-dimensional (2D) full solution for MHD duct flows. Three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations using a code based on Open Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFoam) are performed. This is a full 3D solution based on the electrical potential equations. The results of the 3D simulations confirm the 2D numerical simulation results. The effects of the inclined gradient magnetic fields on the MHD duct flow state are also studied using 3D numerical simulations. The effects of the inclined fringing magnetic fields on MHD pressure gradients and velocity distributions are presented. Numerical results of the MHD pressure gradients under a fringing magnetic field with no inclination agree with the experimental results from ALEX. The velocity jets will be pulled from the two corners of the duct in the upstream to the other two corners of the duct in the downstream due to the 3D MHD effects caused by the fringing magnetic field.

Effects of inclined transversal magnetic fields on magnetohydrodynamic coupling duct flow states in liquid metal blankets: Under uniform magnetic fields

“…Since the term of χ 1 in the equation ( 17) decreases as the inclined angle increases, the pressure gradient will increase. It is worth noting that the normalized pressure gradient increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of the wall conductance ratio (C w ) like the situation in one single duct case [20]. In addition, the pressure gradients in the coupling ducts are different from that in a single duct only when α < 11 • , which indicates that the MHD coupling effect only has obvious effect on the pressure gradients in the coupling ducts at small inclined angles when the aspect ratio of the coupling ducts equals to 10.…”

“…This deviation is because of the MHD coupling effect caused by the interaction between the external magnetic field and the leaking induced electric currents. In the MHD coupling ducts flow, the electric currents distribution is different from that in a single duct case as shown in [20]. Two kinds of electric current paths are induced in the MHD coupling ducts case as shown in figure 3(a), one is flowing across the two coupling ducts and the other is circulating in a single channel.…”

“…Through different physical properties such as the electrical conductivity, the internal boundary conditions can be formulated. This numerical method has been successfully employed and validated by the related analytical solutions and experimental results [15,[18][19][20].…”

Heat transfer enhancement of magnetized nanofluid flow due to a stretchable rotating disk with variable thermophysical properties effects

“…Uddin et al [30] utilized the model of bio-nano-materials processing to investigate the impact of applied magnetic field on convective boundary layer flow and observed that the velocity reduces due to rising in Magnetic field parameters. These articles [31][32][33][34] show more development of Magnetic nanofluid.…”

MHD effects of liquid metal flows through multiple electrically coupling ducts with U-turn bends in fusion blankets

“…However, the effects of these parameters have not been investigated in the geometric structures with both multiple coupling ducts and U-turn bends. Therefore, the investigation of LM MHD flows under the effects of above-mentioned parameters in electrically coupling conductive ducts with U-turn bends is of crucial importance for the deep understanding of the MHD effects of liquid metals and fusion blanket designs (Zhang X et al [22]).…”