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Environmental contamination and the massively higher cost of disposal of wastes have been a big concern for scholars throughout the globe, prompting them to seek a way to recycle waste materials in various implementations led. The rising expenditure of disposal and the shortage of naturally big aggregate have increased interest in reusing recycled waste materials to manufacture concrete and mortar. The some of the country population annually consumes hundreds of tonnes of black tea, resulting in a considerable number of discarded teabags. These huge quantities are disposed of in land lls without being recycled or otherwise used. Moreover, land lls are considered one of the country's biggest global issues. Therefore, the aim of this experimental work to investigate in uence of nano carbon tube produced from tea waste as cement replacement materials in mortar mixtures. Cement mortar mixes contain four replacement levels (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) of cement with nano carbon tube produced from tea waste. The compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and water absorption were tested to demonstrate the effect of the nano carbon tube made from recycled tea waste on the mechanical properties of the mortar mix. The fresh properties such as ow rate were evaluated in accordance with the speci c standards. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) analyses were performed to demonstrate the microstructure of the mixtures. The results show that the fresh properties ( owability) of mortar containing nanocarbon tubes from tea waste were improved with the increase of the replacement ratio. In addition, the compressive strength was improved by substitution of up to 2%. For the other levels of substitution, it decreased with increasing proportion. In contrast, the density was increased with the increase in the substitution level of tea waste.Based on the results of the experiments, it seems that the suggested bio-mixture could increase the compressive strength of the material by up to 2% of the replacement at 28 days of curing.
Environmental contamination and the massively higher cost of disposal of wastes have been a big concern for scholars throughout the globe, prompting them to seek a way to recycle waste materials in various implementations led. The rising expenditure of disposal and the shortage of naturally big aggregate have increased interest in reusing recycled waste materials to manufacture concrete and mortar. The some of the country population annually consumes hundreds of tonnes of black tea, resulting in a considerable number of discarded teabags. These huge quantities are disposed of in land lls without being recycled or otherwise used. Moreover, land lls are considered one of the country's biggest global issues. Therefore, the aim of this experimental work to investigate in uence of nano carbon tube produced from tea waste as cement replacement materials in mortar mixtures. Cement mortar mixes contain four replacement levels (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) of cement with nano carbon tube produced from tea waste. The compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and water absorption were tested to demonstrate the effect of the nano carbon tube made from recycled tea waste on the mechanical properties of the mortar mix. The fresh properties such as ow rate were evaluated in accordance with the speci c standards. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) analyses were performed to demonstrate the microstructure of the mixtures. The results show that the fresh properties ( owability) of mortar containing nanocarbon tubes from tea waste were improved with the increase of the replacement ratio. In addition, the compressive strength was improved by substitution of up to 2%. For the other levels of substitution, it decreased with increasing proportion. In contrast, the density was increased with the increase in the substitution level of tea waste.Based on the results of the experiments, it seems that the suggested bio-mixture could increase the compressive strength of the material by up to 2% of the replacement at 28 days of curing.
The absence of biodegradability exhibited by plastics is a matter of significant concern among environmentalists and scientists on a global scale. Therefore, it is essential to figure out potential pathways for the use of recycled plastics. The prospective applications of its utilisation in concrete are noteworthy. The use of recycled plastic into concrete, either as a partial or complete substitution for natural aggregates, addresses the issue of its proper disposal besides contributing to the preservation of natural aggregate resources. Furthermore, the use of agricultural wastes has been regarded as a very promising waste-based substance in the industry of concrete manufacturing, with the aim of fostering the creation of an environmentally sustainable construction material. This paper illustrates the impact of nano sunflower ash (NSFA) and nano walnut shells ash (NWSA) on durability (compressive strength and density after exposure to 800 °C and sulphate attack), mechanical properties (flexural, splitting tensile and compressive strength) and fresh characteristics (slump flow diameter, T50, V-funnel flow time, L-box height ratio, segregation resistance and density) of lightweight self-compacting concrete (LWSCC). The waste walnut shells and local Iraqi sunflower were calcinated at 700 ± 50 °C for 2 h and milled for 3 h using ball milling for producing NSFA and NWSA. The ball milling succeeded in reducing the particle size lower than 75 nm for NSFA and NWSA. The preparation of seven LWSCC concrete mixes was carried out to obtain a control mix, three mixtures were created using 10%, 20% and 30% NWSA, and the other three mixtures included 10%, 20% and 30% NSFA. The normal weight coarse aggregates were substituted by the plastic waste lightweight coarse aggregate with a ratio of 75%. The fresh LWSCC passing capacity, segregation resistance, and filling capability were evaluated. The hardened characteristics of LWSCC were evaluated by determining the flexural and splitting tensile strength at 7, 14 and 28 days and the compressive strength was measured at 7, 14, 28 and 60 days. Dry density and compressive strength were measured after exposing mixes to a temperature of 800 °C for 3 h and immersed in 10% magnesium sulphate attack. The results demonstrated that the LWSCC mechanical characteristics were reduced when the percentages of NWSA and NSFA increased, except for 10% NWSA substitution ratio which had an increase in splitting tensile strength test and similar flexural strength test to the control mixture. A minor change in mechanical characteristics was observed within the results of LWSCC dry density and compressive strength incorporating various NSFA and NWSA` contents after exposing to temperature 800 °C and immersed in 10% magnesium sulphate attack. Furthermore, according to the findings, it is possible to use a combination of materials consisting of 10–20% NSFA and 10–20% NWSA to produce LWSCC.
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