Investigations of charge-changing processes for light proton-rich nuclei on carbon and solid-hydrogen targets

New measurement of the elemental fragmentation cross sections of 218 MeV/nucleon 28 Si on a carbon target

“…The first and second parentheses in our present data are the statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively. The experimental data can be classified into two groups by using either active detectors (like silicon or ionization chambers) [3,5,7] or CR-39 detectors [4,8,9]. Our present measurements for charge changes ∆Z = 1-6 at 218 MeV/nucleon are generally consistent with those at 266 and 268 MeV/nucleon within uncertainties.…”

“…Figure 5 presents the EFCSs with ∆Z = 1-6 of 28 Si fragments as a function of incident energies ranging from 200 to 800 MeV/nucleon [3][4][5]7]. We estimate hereafter the total uncertainty of cross section as the square root of the sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties.…”

“…Nevertheless, we are aware that although experimental data for 28 Si are relatively rich, different energy-dependent behaviors were reported. Moreover, the elemental fragmentation cross sections (EFCSs) performed at similar incident energies for the same reaction system [3,5,7] present a large discrepancy by up to about 40%, albeit with similar heavy-ion detector systems. In addition, the cross sections at 700-800 MeV/nucleon [8,9], which were extracted by using CR-39 detectors, have relatively large uncertainties and are systematically larger than those measured by the active heavy-ion detectors.…”

“…Over the last two decades, experimental studies on the fragmentation of 28 Si have been performed at various energies by using different detection techniques in laboratories worldwide [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. This isotope offers an ideal benchmark dataset to check the consistency of experiments, to evaluate the model reliability, and further to investigate the nuclear structure underneath the heavyion collisions.…”

Charge-changing cross section measurements of atomic nuclei and charge radii

“…MeV/nucleon能区开展的Li同位素链的截面测量 [15] , 另 一个是Chulkov等人 [16] Chulkov等人 [16] 的工作也触发了一系列的理论研 究. Meng等人 [17] 在Glauber模型的框架下, 利用由相对 主要针对稳定线附近的原子核进行系统测量 [20,21] ; 德 国GSI主要关注1 GeV/nucleon等较高能量条件下Z<10 不稳定原子核的截面测量 [22~25] ; 日本RIKEN因具备当 前性能最好的次级束流条件, 主要瞄准质量更重、产 额更低的奇特原子核, 如 30 Ne和 [32][33] Na [26] . 相对于较高 能量, 在较低能量开展电荷改变反应截面的测量工作 面临着一些难点, 既有因产物角分布过大而对探测装 置接受度的挑战, 也有对反应产物能谱进行精确解析 的分析困难.…”