Investigations into the origin of pseudocapacitive behavior of Mn₃O₄ electrodes using in operando Raman spectroscopy

Abstract

In operando Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor the origin of the pseudocapacitive behavior of Mn3O4 electrodes during charging/discharging processes.

Electrochemical-Hydrothermal Synthesis of Manganese Oxide Films as Electrodes for Electrochemical Capacitors

“…This transformation from ordered, well-packed hausmannite phase to highly porous layered MnO 2 (birnessite) with nanoflake structure was recently studied by Cheng & Liu [47]. In their work, they conducted systematic analysis of potential cycling of hausmannite (in From the Raman and XPS spectra before and after 10,000 cycles of CV, we observed a phase transition from Mn 3 O 4 to mixed-valent MnO 2 which is the basis of enhanced pseudocapacitance.…”

“…The film reached SC of 219 F g -1 at 10 mV s -1 after 400 cycles of CV [46]. Moreover, very recently, pseudocapacitative origin of Mn 3 O 4 was analyzed via in situ Raman studies of hausmannite electrodes during potential cycling [47]. The electrodes were produced by simple electrodeposition method on carbon fiber paper followed by annealing at 400˚C for 3 hours.…”

Ternary composite solid-state flexible supercapacitor based on nanocarbons/manganese dioxide/PEDOT:PSS fibres

“…Compared to previously published XRD spectra of MnO 2 this spectrum of the CB/CNT/MnO 2 composite fibre showed very broad peaks which suggests a poorly crystalline manganese dioxide phase in our fibres [26][27][28].…”

Catalytic performance of MnFeSi composite in selective oxidation of styrene, ethylbenzene and benzyl alcohol

“…It is important to note that Mn 3 O 4 has second broad mode at 667 cm −1 due to Mn-O stretching vibrations, between 600 and 750 cm −1 and low additional modes at 320 and 376 cm −1 [17]. Thus, it is not easy to ascertain the Raman modes of Mn related phases due to the occurrence of ␣-MnO 2 , MnFe 2 O 4 , Mn 3 O 4 phases in the MnFeSi composite.…”