Investigations into the Mechanism by Which Sulfated Polysaccharides Inhibit HIV Infection In Vitro

McClure, Myra O.; Moore, John P.; Blanc, Dominique; Scotting, Paul J.; Cook, G. M. W.; Keynes, Roger J.; Weber, Jonathan; Davies, Donald S.; Weiss, Robin A.

doi:10.1089/aid.1992.8.19

Cited by 164 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Fucoidans are sulphated polysaccharides extracted from the cell wall of various species of brown seaweeds (Berteau and Mulloy, 2003). Fucoidans have been shown to have antitumour (Zhuang et al, 1995), antiviral (Lee et al, 2004) and antibacterial (McClure et al, 1992) properties. Overall, laminarin and fucoidan may offer a dietary means to modulate the gut environment and/or modulate immunity, thereby reducing the risk of diarrhoea and promoting productivity in the absence of in-feed antibiotics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of dietary laminarin and fucoidan in the diet of the weanling piglet on performance, selected faecal microbial populations and volatile fatty acid concentrations

McDonnell

Figat

O’Doherty

2010

Animal

101

104

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A 2 3 2 factorial experiment (n 5 12 replicates per treatment, 4 pigs per replicate) was performed to investigate the effects of seaweed extracts, laminarin (derived ß-glucans) and fucoidan (sulphated polysaccharides), independently or in combination on post-weaning piglet performance and selected microbial populations. At weaning, the piglets (24 days of age, 6.4 kg live weight) were assigned to one of the four dietary treatments: (T1) basal diet, (T2) basal diet with 300 p.p.m. laminarin, (T3) basal diet with 240 p.p.m. fucoidan, (T4) basal diet with 300 p.p.m. laminarin and 240 p.p.m. fucoidan. Pigs offered diets supplemented with laminarin had an increased daily gain ( P , 0.01), and gain-to-feed ratio ( P , 0.05) compared to pigs offered diets without laminarin supplementation during the experimental period (days 0 to 21). Pigs offered laminarinsupplemented diets had an increased faecal dry matter and reduced diarrhoea ( P , 0.05) during the critical 7 to 14 day period. Pigs offered diets containing laminarin had reduced faecal Escherichia coli populations. There was a significant interaction ( P , 0.01) on faecal Lactobacilli populations between laminarin and fucoidan. Pigs offered the fucoidan diet had an increased Lactobacilli population compared to pigs offered the basal diet. However, there was no effect of fucoidan on faecal Lactobacilli populations when laminarin was added. Overall, the reduction in E. coli population and the increase in daily gain suggest that laminarin may provide a dietary means to improve gut health after weaning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of dietary laminarin and fucoidan in the diet of the weanling piglet on performance, selected faecal microbial populations and volatile fatty acid concentrations

McDonnell

Figat

O’Doherty

2010

Animal

101

104

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“…Fucoidans, the family of sulphated heteropolysaccharides, are composed mainly of a-1,3-linked L-fucose residues (Percival and Mc Dowell, 1967). Fucoidans have been shown to have antitumour (Zhuang et al, 1995), antiviral (Lee et al, 2004) and antibacterial (McClure et al, 1992) properties. Reilly et al (2008) showed that a combination of fucoidan and laminarin increased the volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration in the colon of weaned pigs, indicating that these fractions were fermented by the microbial population in the colon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of weanling piglets offered low-, medium- or high-lactose diets supplemented with a seaweed extract from Laminaria spp.

Gahan¹,

Lynch²,

Callan³

et al. 2009

Animal

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An experiment (3 3 4 factorial arrangement) was conducted to investigate the interaction between different levels of lactose (60 v. 150 v. 250 g/kg) and seaweed extract (0 v. 1 v. 2 v. 4 g/kg) containing both laminarin and fucoidan derived from Laminaria spp. on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weanling pigs. In all, 384 piglets (24 days of age, 7.5 kg (s.d. 1 kg) live weight) were blocked on the basis of live weight and were assigned to one of 12 dietary treatments (eight replicates per treatment). Piglets were offered diets containing either low (60 g/kg), medium (150 g/kg) or high (250 g/kg) lactose levels with one of the following levels of seaweed extract additive: (1) 0 g/kg, (2) 1 g/kg, (3) 2 g/kg or (4) 4 g/kg seaweed extract. The pigs were offered the diets ad libitum for 21 days post weaning. There was a significant lactose 3 seaweed extract interaction (P , 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG) during the experimental period (days 0 to 21). At the low and medium levels of lactose, there was an increase in ADG as the level of seaweed extract increased to 2 g/kg (P , 0.05). However, at the high level of lactose there was no further response in ADG as the level of seaweed extract increased above 1 g/kg. There was a significant lactose 3 seaweed extract interaction during the experimental period (days 0 to 21) (P , 0.05) on the food conversion ratio (FCR). At the low level of lactose, there was a significant improvement in FCR as the levels of seaweed extract increased to 4 g/kg (P , 0.01). At the medium level of lactose, there was a significant improvement in FCR as seaweed extract increased to 2 g/kg. However, there was no significant effect of seaweed extract on FCR at the high levels of lactose (P . 0.05). There was a linear increase in average daily feed intake (ADFI) during the experimental period (days 0 to 21) (P , 0.05) as levels of seaweed extract increased. There was a linear increase in ash digestibility (P , 0.01) during the experimental period (days 0 to 21) as the level of lactose increased. There was a quadratic decrease (P , 0.01) in nitrogen (N) and neutral detergent fibre digestibility as the levels of lactose increased. In conclusion, pigs responded differently to the inclusion levels of seaweed extract at each level of lactose supplementation. The inclusion of a laminarin-fucoidan extract in piglet diets may alleviate the use for high-lactose diets (.60 g/kg) and would also alleviate some of the common problems that occur post weaning.

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“…There have been many reports that fucoidans from various brown algae have biological activities, such as anti-tumor, 1) anticoagulant, 2) anti-human immuno-deficiency virus, 3) and induction of apoptosis. 4) We have isolated a novel acetyl fucoidan from Cladosiphon okamuranus, 5,6) and have reported macrophage activation by acetyl fucoidan.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fucoidan Isolated from Laminaria angustata var. longissima Induced Macrophage Activation

Teruya¹,

Takeda²,

Tamaki³

et al. 2010

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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We investigated macrophage activation by fucoidan from Laminaria angustata var. longissima in a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. The ratio of the chemical composition of the fucoidan was L-fucose: D-galactose:D-glucose:D-xylose:uronic acid:sulfate = 1.00:0.54:0.08:0.08:0.64:0.87. The fucoidan induced production of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-, and interleukin-6 in RAW 264.7 cells. These results indicate that the fucoidan induced macrophage activation.Key words: Laminaria angustata var. longissima; fucoidan; macrophage activationFucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide found in the cell-wall matrix of brown algae. There have been many reports that fucoidans from various brown algae have biological activities, such as anti-tumor, 1) anticoagulant, 2) anti-human immuno-deficiency virus, 3) and induction of apoptosis. 4) We have isolated a novel acetyl fucoidan from Cladosiphon okamuranus, 5,6) and have reported macrophage activation by acetyl fucoidan. 7)Macrophages are multifunctional cells that play significant roles in host defense. They phagocyte an invaded pathogen and produce inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Nitric oxide (NO), which is known to be an inflammatory mediator, is produced by the activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) from Larginine.8) NO has been reported to play an essential role in the cytolytic function, the killing of pathogens, and the tumoricidal action.9-11) Cytokines have an important role in the regulation of the inflammatory and immune responses.12) Polysaccharides isolated from plants and algae have been reported to enhance macrophage activation. 13-15)Laminaria angustata var. longissima is a brown alga eaten widely since 300 years ago in Okinawa, Japan. We have reported structural characteristics of fucoidans from L. angustata var. longissima.16) The fucoidans were obtained at about 1.4% w/w on the basis of dry matter, and they consisted of L-fucose, D-galactose, D-xylose, D-glucuronic acid, and sulfuric acid. We here investigated macrophage activation by the fucoidan in a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7.Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin, and streptomycin were purchased from Gibco BRL (Grand Island, NY). AntiiNOS rabbit IgG monoclonal antibody and anti--actin rabbit IgG polyclonal antibody were from Sigma (St. Louis, MO).The total carbohydrate and uronic acid of the fucoidan was analyzed by the phenol-sulfuric acid method 17) and the carbazole-sulfuric acid method 18) respectively. The sulfate content of the fucoidan was measured by the turbidimetric method. 19)The monosaccharides in the hydrolysate of the fucoidan were determined using high-performance anion exchange chromatography (DX-500, Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA), and fitted with a column of Carbopack PA1 and a pulsed amperometric detector. The column was eluted at a flow rate of 1 ml/min at 35 C with 15 mM NaOH for neutral sugar.The molecular mass of the fucoidan was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (LC-6A; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) wit...

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Investigations into the Mechanism by Which Sulfated Polysaccharides Inhibit HIV Infection In Vitro

Cited by 164 publications

References 49 publications

The effect of dietary laminarin and fucoidan in the diet of the weanling piglet on performance, selected faecal microbial populations and volatile fatty acid concentrations

The effect of dietary laminarin and fucoidan in the diet of the weanling piglet on performance, selected faecal microbial populations and volatile fatty acid concentrations

Performance of weanling piglets offered low-, medium- or high-lactose diets supplemented with a seaweed extract from Laminaria spp.

Fucoidan Isolated from Laminaria angustata var. longissima Induced Macrophage Activation

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