Investigations into `Die-Back' in Spartina Townsendii AGG.: I. The Present Status of Spartina Townsendii in Britain

Goodman, P. J.; Braybrooks, E. M.; Lambert, J. M.

doi:10.2307/2257297

Cited by 66 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Ranwell (1964) also reported very slow establishment of Spartina at new sites except near already existing clumps. Spartina successfully established and spread throughout the UK after being deliberately introduced in the last century for stabilizing mudflats, reducing coastal erosion and promoting accretion (Goodman, Braybrooks & Lambert 1959; Adam 1990). Because of its perennial life history and its tolerance of tidal submergence (Gray & Benham 1990), Spartina is likely to extend its abundance in the sparsely vegetated lower elevations of the Tollesbury managed re‐alignment site and possibly invade the annual Salicornia spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoration of salt‐marsh vegetation in relation to site suitability, species pool and dispersal traits

Wolters

Garbutt

Bekker

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary 1.Restoration of salt marshes on previously reclaimed land provides an excellent opportunity to study plant colonization and subsequent development of salt-marsh vegetation. Insight into the process of salt-marsh development can guide the design, implementation and evaluation of salt-marsh restoration schemes and help determine appropriate management strategies. 2. We evaluated the process of salt-marsh restoration at a species-and plant-community level and investigated how the sequence of species establishment is related to site suitability, availability of the target species in the local and regional species pools and dispersal traits. 3. It took approximately 5 years for species diversity in the restoration site to become similar to a local reference marsh. The annual species Salicornia spp. and Suaeda maritima colonized and reached maximum abundance first. Perennial species ( Puccinellia maritima , Aster tripolium , Spartina anglica , Spergularia media , Atriplex portulacoides and Limonium vulgare ) only started to colonize or increase notably in abundance after 3 years of restoration. 4. Plant composition at the highest elevation of the restoration site developed from an annual Salicornia community into a Puccinellia maritima salt marsh, which was similar to the local reference marsh. After 8 years, the lower elevations were still covered by annual Salicornia salt marsh despite the potential for the development of a Puccinellia community. 5. Salt tolerance appeared to be much more important in explaining the sequence of species establishment than the availability of the species in the local or regional species pools or dispersal traits. 6. Synthesis and applications . The prospect of salt-marsh restoration after de-embankment is good, with target species establishing spontaneously and vegetation succession taking place. Because most salt-marsh species are dispersed over short distances, it is important that a well-developed salt marsh is adjacent to the restoration site. The rate of salt-marsh development and species diversity appears to be affected mainly by surface elevation. Proper elevation in relation to tidal inundation is therefore a prerequisite for the successful restoration of salt-marsh vegetation after de-embankment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoration of salt‐marsh vegetation in relation to site suitability, species pool and dispersal traits

Wolters

Garbutt

Bekker

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…After 1880 S. x townsendii agg. was observed with increasing frequency in Southampton Water and in the early 1900's it had reached the nearby Isle of Wight and numerous stations eastwards to Chichester Harbour and westwards to Lymington and Poole Harbour (for details see Oliver, 1925;Goodman et al, 1959). Specimens of sterile F, hybrid plants now in herbaria were gathered in the River Itchen in 1870 and 1879, Yarmouth, Isle of Wight in 1893, Poole in 1905and Lymington in 1903, 1907 (Stapf, 1913;Hubbard, 1957, in an unpublished report to the Advisory Committee on Sea Defence Research, C.S.D.…”

Section: T M E N D I I Agg Occurs Naturally Only In Southeast Britmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution in Spartina (Gramineae): I. The history and morphology of the genus in Britain

Marchant

1967

Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany

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SUMMARY The history of the genus Spartina in Britain is traced from herbarium records and publications. This historical information and a morphological study of living plants strengthen the view that sterile S. x townsendii arose in c. 1870 in Southampton Water as a hybrid between native S. maritimu and introduced American S. alterngora. The fertile Amphidiploid arose in 1890 and spread at the expense of the species populations. It is shown that species and hybrids of the S. x townsendii complex can be separated by a combination of only a few well‐defined morphological characters, and by stomata and pollen grain details. A polyhaploid seedling of low vigour among Amphidiploid progeny is described and its existence and resemblance to S. x townsendii F1 emphasizea the relationship between this PI hybrid and the Amphidiploid. Putative backcross hybrids of S. x townsendii Amphidi‐ ploid with X. alternijfora in Southampton Water provide conclusive evidence of S. x

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“…in the UK in the 1950s, where over 200 ha was completely denuded (Goodman 1959;Goodman et al 1959;Goodman and Williams 1961). Although more than 20 fungal species were isolated from dead plants onto nonselective media, Fusarium was not reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Fusarium spp. on Spartina alterniflora and Dieback Sites in Connecticut and Massachusetts

Elmer

LaMondia

Caruso³

2011

Estuaries and Coasts

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Sudden vegetation dieback (SVD) is defined as the loss and lack of recovery of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) in salt marshes. A new species of a moderately pathogenic fungus called Fusarium palustre is consistently found in SVD sites, but greenhouse tests revealed that it is not capable of causing mortality of healthy plants. Similarly, root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spartinae) are also found in SVD sites, but their incidence in marshes affected by SVD is not known. To understand more about the ecology of F. palustre and M. spartinae, salt marshes along Connecticut's Long Island Sound and Massachusetts' Cape Cod that exhibited SVD and those that did not, were visited during the summers of 2007, 2008, and 2009. Belowground and aboveground tissues of smooth cordgrass plants from 18 marshes were removed, washed, and assayed for Fusarium spp. to determine if patterns between the incidence of the different species of Fusarium, their virulence on S. alterniflora, root-knot nematodes (M. spartinae), and the health of the marsh could be revealed. There were significantly more colonies of Fusarium growing from plants in SVD sites (6.1%) than in healthy marshes where no SVD was present (<1.0%). The incidence of Fusarium spp. from plants at the perimeter of the SVD site was not statistically different from asymptomatic plants 10-20 m from the SVD edge.

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Investigations into `Die-Back' in Spartina Townsendii AGG.: I. The Present Status of Spartina Townsendii in Britain

Cited by 66 publications

References 0 publications

Restoration of salt‐marsh vegetation in relation to site suitability, species pool and dispersal traits

Restoration of salt‐marsh vegetation in relation to site suitability, species pool and dispersal traits

Evolution in Spartina (Gramineae): I. The history and morphology of the genus in Britain

Association Between Fusarium spp. on Spartina alterniflora and Dieback Sites in Connecticut and Massachusetts

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