Atherosclerosis

1976

DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(76)90106-4

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Investigations in experimental atherosclerosis Part 2. The effect of phosphatidylcholine (EPL) on experimental atherosclerotic changes in miniature pigs

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Mlr In Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases2

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1976

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Cited by 20 publications

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“…Especially in women, the treatment of arterial hypertension and diabetes is considered important for the prevention of CVD [ 37 ]. Several studies demonstrated that lecithin lowered total cholesterol in patients with primary hyperlipidemia [ 38 , 39 ], and a mini-pig study showed that LRT reduced atherosclerotic plaques in the aortas and heart valves [ 40 ]. There is a possibility that lecithin lowers cardiovascular risks, although the mechanisms are yet to be elucidated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of soy lecithin on fatigue and menopausal symptoms in middle-aged women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

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et al. 2018

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BackgroundLecithin is a complex mixture of phospholipids which compose lipid bilayer cell membranes. Lipid replacement therapy, or administration of phospholipids for the purpose of repairing the dmaged cell membranes, had been shown to alleviate fatigue. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of soy lecithin on fatigue in middle-aged women, as well as other menopausal symptoms and various health parameters.MethodsThis randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study included 96 women aged 40 to 60 years who complained of fatigue. The participants were randomized to receive active tablets containing high-dose (1200 mg/day; n = 32) or low-dose (600 mg/day; n = 32) soy lecithin, or placebo (n = 32), for 8 weeks. The following parameters were evaluated: age, menopausal status, lifestyle factors, physical and psychological symptoms of menopause, subjective symptoms of insomnia and fatigue, body composition, cardiovascular parameters, and physical activities and objective sleep states obtained from actigraphy before and 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. Fatigue was evaluated using the Profile of Mood States (POMS)-brief, Menopausal Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire, Chalder Fatigue Scale, and Brief Fatigue Inventory.ResultsEighty-nine women completed the study. There were no significant differences in the changes in Chalder Fatigue Scale score (placebo vs low-dose vs high-dose groups: −2.9 ± 1.1, −3.2 ± 1.1, and −3.5 ± 1.0; P = 0.79). On the other hand, the improvements were greater in the high-dose group compared with the placebo group concerning vigor scores in the POMS-brief (1.9 ± 0.7 vs 0.2 ± 0.6; P = 0.02), diastolic blood pressure (−4.1 ± 1.8 vs 1.2 ± 1.9; P = 0.05), and cardio-ankle vascular index (−0.4 ± 0.2 vs 0.07 ± 0.1; P = 0.03) after 8 weeks of treatment.ConclusionsHigh-dose (1200 mg/day) soy lecithin not only increases vigor, but also lowers the diastolic blood pressure and cardio-ankle vascular index in middle-aged women who present with fatigue.Trial registrationUMIN-CTR UMIN000017127.

“…Especially in women, the treatment of arterial hypertension and diabetes is considered important for the prevention of CVD [ 37 ]. Several studies demonstrated that lecithin lowered total cholesterol in patients with primary hyperlipidemia [ 38 , 39 ], and a mini-pig study showed that LRT reduced atherosclerotic plaques in the aortas and heart valves [ 40 ]. There is a possibility that lecithin lowers cardiovascular risks, although the mechanisms are yet to be elucidated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of soy lecithin on fatigue and menopausal symptoms in middle-aged women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

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et al. 2018

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BackgroundLecithin is a complex mixture of phospholipids which compose lipid bilayer cell membranes. Lipid replacement therapy, or administration of phospholipids for the purpose of repairing the dmaged cell membranes, had been shown to alleviate fatigue. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of soy lecithin on fatigue in middle-aged women, as well as other menopausal symptoms and various health parameters.MethodsThis randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study included 96 women aged 40 to 60 years who complained of fatigue. The participants were randomized to receive active tablets containing high-dose (1200 mg/day; n = 32) or low-dose (600 mg/day; n = 32) soy lecithin, or placebo (n = 32), for 8 weeks. The following parameters were evaluated: age, menopausal status, lifestyle factors, physical and psychological symptoms of menopause, subjective symptoms of insomnia and fatigue, body composition, cardiovascular parameters, and physical activities and objective sleep states obtained from actigraphy before and 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. Fatigue was evaluated using the Profile of Mood States (POMS)-brief, Menopausal Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire, Chalder Fatigue Scale, and Brief Fatigue Inventory.ResultsEighty-nine women completed the study. There were no significant differences in the changes in Chalder Fatigue Scale score (placebo vs low-dose vs high-dose groups: −2.9 ± 1.1, −3.2 ± 1.1, and −3.5 ± 1.0; P = 0.79). On the other hand, the improvements were greater in the high-dose group compared with the placebo group concerning vigor scores in the POMS-brief (1.9 ± 0.7 vs 0.2 ± 0.6; P = 0.02), diastolic blood pressure (−4.1 ± 1.8 vs 1.2 ± 1.9; P = 0.05), and cardio-ankle vascular index (−0.4 ± 0.2 vs 0.07 ± 0.1; P = 0.03) after 8 weeks of treatment.ConclusionsHigh-dose (1200 mg/day) soy lecithin not only increases vigor, but also lowers the diastolic blood pressure and cardio-ankle vascular index in middle-aged women who present with fatigue.Trial registrationUMIN-CTR UMIN000017127.

“…In hypercholesterolemic rats fed a high cholesterol diet, dietary lecithin induced an increase in the cholesterol esters associated with high density lipoproteins (HDL), but had no effect in normolipemic rats (1). Soybean phospholipid decreased plasma cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic rats (2), normolipemic rats (3,4), hy percholesterolemic pigs (5) and hyperlipemic monkeys (6). In humans, it has been reported that polyunsaturated soybean phospholipids induced a significant reduc tion in plasma cholesterol levels of hypercholesterolemic patients (7), but no changes occurred in normolipemic subjects (7)(8)(9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Safflower Phospholipid on Plasma and Liver Lipids in Rats Fed a Hypercholesterolemic Diet.

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et al. 1991

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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The effect of safflower phospholipid (SP) on plasma and liver lipids in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet was examined. Tri glyceride mixture (SPO) of safflower oil and palm oil (8:2) containing almost comparable amounts of linoleic acid to safflower phospholipid was used as a control diet. Similarly, the effect of paste safflower phospholipid (PSP) which contains approximately 45% of neutral lipid was also compared to safflower oil (SO). Concentrations of total cholesterol in plasma and liver of rats fed the SP diet were markedly decreased in comparison with those of the other diets, but a slight reduction of total cholesterol in plasma and liver was observed in rats fed PSP diet. SP and PSP induced a reduction in the plasma level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol as well as an increase in the level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The activity of plasma lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) was greatly increased in rats fed SP diet. These results suggest that the safflower phospholipids suppress the elevation of plasma and liver cholesterol and that this effect may depend on the phospholipid content in dietary lipid. Key Words safflower phospholipid, lipoproteins, plasma cholesterol, liver cholesterol, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, rats Recently there are many studies on the hypocholesterolemic effects of dietary AND PLASMA LIPOPROTEINS 593

“…Without EPL, the serum levels of triglycerides, cholesterol free FAs, and beta-lipoproteins gradually increased with time, but with 8-weeks of EPL (up to 280 mg/kg body weight) there was a dose-related reduction in total lipids, cholesterol esters, free cholesterol, and triglycerides. At the highest EPL dose levels, there was a reduction in atherosclerotic plaques observed in the aortas and heart valves of the animals [306].…”

Section: Mlr In Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Another example is the MLR treatment of pigs that were previously fed a high cholesterol and coconut oil diet for 24 weeks as an experimental model of atherosclerosis. The pigs were then administered a MLR product (EPL) [306]. Without EPL, the serum levels of triglycerides, cholesterol free FAs, and beta-lipoproteins gradually increased with time, but with 8-weeks of EPL (up to 280 mg/kg body weight) there was a dose-related reduction in total lipids, cholesterol esters, free cholesterol, and triglycerides.…”

Section: Mlr In Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamentals of Membrane Lipid Replacement: A Natural Medicine Approach to Repairing Cellular Membranes and Reducing Fatigue, Pain, and Other Symptoms While Restoring Function in Chronic Illnesses and Aging

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et al. 2021

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Membrane Lipid Replacement (MLR) uses natural membrane lipid supplements to safely replace damaged, oxidized lipids in membranes in order to restore membrane function, decrease symptoms and improve health. Oral MLR supplements contain mixtures of cell membrane glycerolphospholipids, fatty acids, and other lipids, and can be used to replace and remove damaged cellular and intracellular membrane lipids. Membrane injury, caused mainly by oxidative damage, occurs in essentially all chronic and acute medical conditions, including cancer and degenerative diseases, and in normal processes, such as aging and development. After ingestion, the protected MLR glycerolphospholipids and other lipids are dispersed, absorbed, and internalized in the small intestines, where they can be partitioned into circulating lipoproteins, globules, liposomes, micelles, membranes, and other carriers and transported in the lymphatics and blood circulation to tissues and cellular sites where they are taken in by cells and partitioned into various cellular membranes. Once inside cells, the glycerolphospholipids and other lipids are transferred to various intracellular membranes by lipid carriers, globules, liposomes, chylomicrons, or by direct membrane–membrane interactions. The entire process appears to be driven by ‘bulk flow’ or mass action principles, where surplus concentrations of replacement lipids can stimulate the natural exchange and removal of damaged membrane lipids while the replacement lipids undergo further enzymatic alterations. Clinical studies have demonstrated the advantages of MLR in restoring membrane and organelle function and reducing fatigue, pain, and other symptoms in chronic illness and aging patients.

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