Investigation the role of human cytomegalovirus in the invasive ductal breast carcinoma

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of female malignancy. Increasing evidence in the last 10 years suggests that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is associated with several human malignancies including breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate HCMV in invasive ductal breast carcinoma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Materials and Methods: A total of 50 samples of the cancer mass and non-neoplastic safe margin (SM) tissues of breast cancer collected then processed for paraffin block to apply IHC and hematoxylin-eosin staining. In addition to that, 30 blood samples collected from patients and healthy women (controls) for detection of anticytomegalovirus (antiCMV) IgG and IgM by ELISA. Results: About 38 samples (76%) of 50 samples diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). The results showed that the presence of antiCMV antibody IgG in 100% of patients while the IgM presented in 76.7% of patients. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the optical densities of the IgG in breast cancer patients when compared healthy women. The positive results of CMV protein comprise 34 (89.4%) for immediate early 1 (IE1) protein, 35 (92.1%) for late protein, and 34 (89.4%) for phosphoprotein 65 (pp65) from 38 sample of IDC. The results also showed the absence of expression to CMV late and pp65 proteins and low percentage (10%) of IE1 protein in the SM tissues. Conclusion: Many studies including our observation indicated to the association of HCMV with breast cancer, but the role of HCMV in the pathogenesis of breast cancer is unclear.

Association of Human Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus with Breast Cancer

“…Previous studies found that HCMV was detected in 7.4% to 100% in breast cancer tissue [45,51,54,57,[59][60][61][62], however, other studies did not detected CMV in breast cancer tissue [42,53,59]. In a recent study we detected HCMV DNA in 20% of breast cancer tissue by using PCR [63], which was lower to that reported by others [64,65] in Iraqi population. While EBV was detected in 26.7% in our recent study [63], however, other studies detected EBV in 6.5% to 35.25% in breast cancer tissue [43,55,60,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80].…”

“…The association between HCMV and EBV infections and development of breast cancer depend on the detection of viral particle in breast cancer tissue and / or serological studies [36,37,44,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. Previous studies found that HCMV was detected in 7.4% to 100% in breast cancer tissue [45,51,54,57,[59][60][61][62], however, other studies did not detected CMV in breast cancer tissue [42,53,59]. In a recent study we detected HCMV DNA in 20% of breast cancer tissue by using PCR [63], which was lower to that reported by others [64,65] in Iraqi population.…”

Relative Frequency of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Tissue Samples of Women with Breast Cancer in Sanandaj, Iran.

“…These findings support a relationship between HCMV and carcinogenesis (26).In this study, we investigated the frequency of HCMV in tissue samples of 50 women suffering from breast cancer by using nested-PCR. Several studies indicated that HCMV infection has been linked to the malignant phenotype, particularly with glioblastoma (4).Many studies have indicated a association between HCMV with breast cancer, but they have shown different results (19). Dolores Utrera-Barillas1 and his colleagues were unable to support the hypothesis that HCMV infection might be correlated with tumor progression.…”

“…Initially, it was revealed that HCMV gene products influence regulation of cell cycle, and inhibit apoptosis; moreover, they activate angiogenesis and metastatic phenotype and, cause the increased rate of mutation, thus overlapping with all the established hallmarks of cancer cells (18). Furthermore, HCMV displays immunosuppressive properties, leading to the tumor cells escape from immune surveillance mechanisms (19). Regardless of the absence of evidence concerning the presence of HCMV in human breast glandular tissues, breast glandular epithelium is considered as a probable reservoir for persistent infection of HCMV in humans.…”

Molecular Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Cytomegalovirus Antigen Expression in Breast Cancer in Khartoum State, Sudan 2018

“…Initially, it was revealed that HCMV gene products influence regulation of cell cycle, and inhibit apoptosis; moreover, they activate angiogenesis and metastatic phenotype [10] . Furthermore, HCMV displays immunosuppressive properties, leading to the tumor cells escape from immune surveillance mechanisms [11] . The current study was initiated with the aim of finding out whether EBV and HCMV is associated with breast cancer in Sudanese women.…”