Investigation on tranport and mixing processes of water pollutants: an assessment of effluents from some industries in Kano - Nigeria

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONIndustrial pollution resulting from discharge or gaseous emissions the increase and is creating high environmental and health risks. Discharge of various industrial waste products into water streams and improper treatment of the industrial discharge often result in polluting water sources. Effluents discharge from industries are one of the major factors contributing to the deterioration of water quality in Nigeria. is home to many industries that include food and beverages, pharmaceutical, chemical, textiles, tannery, rubber, iron and steels. The nature of effluents and emissions from such industries are varied and industry specific. Effluents discharged from the released into water stream which is mostly used for irrigation. Composite effluents from textile industries are found to consist of high concentrations of heavy metals, organic pollutants and toxic colours, ABSTRACT Effluents from industries are one of the major factors contributing to the deterioration and pollution of water quality in Nigeria. Analysis and assessment of the transport and mixing processes of water effluents from some of the industries in Kano state investigated using standard method of analysis and Buck Scientific Model Atomic AbsorptionSpectrometer for heavy metals. Effluents from the industries are transported from point sources to single stream. The analysis was meant to detect the pre Ca, Fe, Pb, PO 4 , K, Na, and SO were taken at three different points along the streams from each site. The results showed that pH value varied significantly among sampling locations which ranged from 7.0 whereas, the total dissolved solid (TDS) was between 5.12 ranges between 1.12 -4.08mg/l. Carbonate level from all the industries ranges between 4. to 10.8mg/l which far exceed the recommended standard value of 0.007mg/l. Sulphate level ranges between 20.4 -47.6mg/l. The results showed that sodium level from all the samples ranges between 18.7 -31.8mg/l while calcium level ranges between 1.3 to 3. also observed that the values of lead from all the samples ranges between 0.011 while that of magnesium ranges between 12 recommended range of 0.2mg/l and 0.3mg/l set by WHO and SON re observed that the concentration of some of the pollutants increases as the water flow from the point source to the next stage as a result of the mixing processes of effluents coming from different sources while some decreases due to the along the way as they are being transported from one point to another.