Immiscible fluid displacement in porous media is widespread in nature, and it plays an essential role in a variety of engineering and industrial processes, such as oil resource development (Abdallah et al., 2007;Cai, Wood, et al., 2022) and groundwater contamination remediation (Singh & Niven, 2013). Due to the instability of the fluid-fluid interface, incompact displacement patterns and incomplete pore fillings may be formed during these processes, resulting in a low microscopic displacement efficiency, which affects hydrocarbon recovery and groundwater purification (Y. Liu et al., 2019;Singh et al., 2019). Therefore, it is of great benefit to these fields to understand the flow physics and in situ fluid distribution within the pore space, especially under viscously unfavorable conditions where the displacement of a high-viscosity fluid by a low-viscosity one is accompanied by more complex interfacial dynamics.The instability of the fluid-fluid interface and the complexity of the pore space make the two-phase flow in porous media have characteristics such as rich flow physics and complex interface dynamics (Blunt, 2017; Mohanty