Investigation on particle properties and extent of functionalization of silica nanoparticles

Quantitative and convenient protocol for analysis of surface‐modified silica nanoparticles using 29Si‐NMR and near‐infrared diffuse reflection spectroscopy

“…Characterizations of the silanol and alkyl groups on the silica particle surface have been performed by various methods, for example, potentiometric titration with sodium hydroxide, 8 reaction with methyl lithium followed by gas chromatography, 9 labeling with chlorosilanes for X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 10,11 deuterium substitution for mass spectroscopy, 12 dissolution with NaOD or CsF for liquid‐phase 1 H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13–15 and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 5,6,10,11,15,16 . These methods, however, are destructive, need pretreatment, and are often disturbed by adsorbed water.…”

“…Characterizations of the silanol and alkyl groups on the silica particle surface have been performed by various methods, for example, potentiometric titration with sodium hydroxide, 8 reaction with methyl lithium followed by gas chromatography, 9 labeling with chlorosilanes for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 10,11 deuterium substitution for mass spectroscopy, 12 dissolution with NaOD or CsF for liquid-phase 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), [13][14][15] and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 5,6,10,11,15,16 These methods, however, are destructive, need pretreatment, and are often disturbed by adsorbed water. Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies 5,6,10,11,[16][17][18][19] have been used frequently for confirmation of the conversion of silanol to alkyl groups at a qualitative level but rarely for accurate quantification of the functional groups except for those having strong and wellresolved peaks.…”

“…5,6,10,11,15,16 These methods, however, are destructive, need pretreatment, and are often disturbed by adsorbed water. Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies 5,6,10,11,[16][17][18][19] have been used frequently for confirmation of the conversion of silanol to alkyl groups at a qualitative level but rarely for accurate quantification of the functional groups except for those having strong and wellresolved peaks. 16,17 Solid-state 29 Si-NMR is a powerful tool to characterize the microscopic structures of silicas and zeolites.…”

Emerging Applications of Silica Nanoparticles as Multifunctional Modifiers for High Performance Polyester Composites

“…In recent years, modification methods of SNs have been widely investigated, including coupling agent modification, polymer modification, etc. [57,58]. Jitjaicham et al [59] modified fumed SNs with vinyltriethoxysilane, which reduced the agglomeration of fumed SNs and improved the dispersion of fumed SNs in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers.…”

Silica nanoparticles induce mitochondrial pathway‐dependent apoptosis by activating unfolded protein response in human neuroblastoma cells

“…Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are one of the most important nanomaterials with their superior toughness, good stability, and dispersion and have been widely used in food, cosmetics, chemical industry, and other field 1 . Potential applications have extended to biomedicine and biotechnology, such as controlled drug/gene delivery, cell tracking, tumor targeting, and photodynamic therapy 2 . With increasing application, biosafety issues of the utilization of SiNPs on long‐term accumulation in organism, nanotoxicity, and the potential hazards of SiNPs to human health and environment require fully addressed.…”