Investigation on numerical optimization method for high capacity two-stage 4 K pulse tube cryocooler

Numerical simulation and exergy analysis of a single-stage GM cryocooler

“…1 , the loss mechanism in GM cryocooler is much different from that of GM PTC, so it is necessary to further analyze the loss distribution in GM cryocooler. Some other Sage model were also developed to predict the performance GM PTCs [ 19 , 20 ].…”