Investigation on Mechanical and Tribological Behaviors of PA6 and Graphite-Reinforced PA6 Polymer Composites

Kumar, S. Sathees; Kanagaraj, G.

doi:10.1007/s13369-016-2126-2

Cited by 87 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In [13], the wear is studied using a pin-on-disc module with normal loads of 5, 10, 20, and 30 N and rotational speeds of 1000, 1500, and 2000 rpm for a pin of 12 mm diameter made of PA and a steel disk in dry friction conditions. The friction coefficient decreases with the increase of the force with values between 0.14 and 0.42 with 0.32 and 0.42 for the pure PA66 and the other values for the graphite-reinforced PA. At the beginning, the wear is high due to the roughness of the surfaces being in contact; after that, during tests the surfaces are smoothed; higher wear rates are obtained for the pure PA66.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature, Pressure, and Velocity Influence on the Tribological Properties of PA66 and PA46 Polyamides

2019

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The tribological properties of PA66, PA46, and PTFE-mixed PA46 were investigated. The tests were achieved on a pin-on-disc tribometer. Before tests with different sets of parameters, a running-in-type test (with constant parameters) was performed for all the materials, under lubricated and dry conditions. The tests parameters were variable referring on load, velocity, and temperature. The results are referring on the value of the wear developed during the run-in period and on the variation of friction coefficient with the testing parameters. The results show that the PTFE-mixed PA46 polyamide has better tribological properties than the PA66 and the PA46 polyamide.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature, Pressure, and Velocity Influence on the Tribological Properties of PA66 and PA46 Polyamides

2019

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“…Palabiyik and Bahadur found that the addition of PTFE would have a detrimental effect on the tensile properties of PA6/PTFE polyblend . Other previously published work also demonstrates that traditional solid lubricants are ineffective in mechanical reinforcements of polymer matrices . By contrast, GrF and FG not only have good compatibility with PA66 but are also easily exfoliated and dispersed in the PA66 matrix (Figs S1 and S2) and show better mechanical properties than traditional solid lubricants at a relatively low concentration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…However, during the friction, the solid lubricants (GrF or FG) will be exposed on the worn surface of the polymeric matrix (Fig. (d)) or detached from the matrix into the friction interface, as proved by the EDS results shown in Figs (e) and 7(f), contributing to a better anti‐wear performance of the PA66 composites containing FG and GrF than pure PA66.…”

Section: Sliding Wear Behavior Of the Pa66 Compositesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Solid lubricants such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are commonly added into polymeric composites to reduce friction and wear . Kumar and Kanagaraj reported that graphite‐filled polyamide 6 (PA6) composites exhibit superior mechanical and tribological performance to the pure PA6, and the optimum enhancement effect occurs when 20 wt% graphite is added into the PA6 matrix. Basavaraj et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphite fluoride and fluorographene as a new class of solid lubricant additives for high‐performance polyamide 66 composites with excellent mechanical and tribological properties

Sun

Fan

et al. 2020

Polymer International

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Fluorographene (FG) with layer numbers of 3-4 was successfully prepared through facile microwave-assisted liquid phase exfoliation of raw graphite fluoride (GrF). The raw GrF and the as-prepared FG were then directly incorporated into polyamide 66 (PA66) by melt processing without using any surfactants. Microstructural, mechanical and tribological properties of the prepared PA66 composites were investigated. Various characterization results showed that both GrF and FG, as novel solid lubricants, can effectively improve the mechanical and anti-wear performances of the PA66 matrix. It was also found that FG is better at improving mechanical properties and reducing the friction of PA66 than GrF at low concentrations owing to the large surface-volume ratio. The addition of 0.5 wt% FG into PA66 exhibits a ca 13% increase in tensile modulus, ca 5% increase in tensile strength, ca 18% reduction in coefficient of friction (COF) and ca 43% reduction in wear rate. However, at relatively high concentrations, such as 1.0 wt%, GrF shows a better reinforcement effect than FG owing to a uniform dispersion of GrF in the PA66 matrix. The addition of 1.0 wt% GrF into PA66 exhibits a ca 18% increase in tensile modulus, ca 5% increase in tensile strength, ca 37% reduction in COF and ca 46% reduction in wear rate. Wear tests also show that the excellent wear resistance of the PA66 composites is due to the improved mechanical properties and the lubrication of GrF and FG between the worn surfaces. Our current work demonstrates the tremendous potentials of fluorinated carbon materials for enhancing mechanical and anti-wear properties of polymeric materials. -assisted liquid phase exfoliation; mechanical and tribological properties occurs when 20 wt% graphite is added into the PA6 matrix. Basavaraj et al. 19 also found that the PA66/graphite/PTFE composites show higher impact strength, higher thermal stability and better wear resistance than pure PA66. The PTFE plays the main role in improving the anti-wear properties of the PA66/graphite/PTFE composites, while the graphite plays the major role in enhancing the mechanical properties of the matrix, thereby compensating for the softening effect of PTFE on the PA66 matrix. However, traditional solid lubricants must be added in sufficient quantities to

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“…For instance, agro-waste biomasses are low cost, lightweight, renewable, biodegradable and environmentally friendly. Different types of natural fibres such as kenaf (Lee, Kim, Lee, Kim, & Dorgan, 2009), jute (Adhikari et al, 2017), graphite (Sathees Kumar & Kanagaraj, 2016), rice husk (Battegazzore, Bocchini, Alongi, Frache, & Marino, 2014) and wood dust (Islam & Islam, 2015), are extensively used to improve the mechanical properties of the natural fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites (Ndiaye, Gueye, & Diop, 2013;Satyanarayana, Arizaga, & Wypych, 2009). Generally, thermoplastic polymers such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are applied in composite industry [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-mechanical properties of bio-composites fabricated from polylactic acid and rice husk treated with alkali and ionic liquid

Islam

Ahmed-Haras

Kao

et al. 2019

Res Com Eng Sc Tech

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In the present work, chemically treated rice husk (TRH) and untreated rice husk (UTRH) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) bio-composites were produced using Haake rheomixer and compression moulding processes. Alkali (NaOH) and ionic liquid (IL: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate) treated rice husk samples are TRHN4 and TRHILN4 respectively. Using UTRH, TRHN4 and TRHILN4 the fabricated bio-composites are UTRH-PLA, TRHN4-PLA and TRHILN4-PLA respectively. The tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), impact strength (IS) and hardness values of TRHN4-PLA and TRHILN4-PLA were found to be much higher than the corresponding values of the UTRH-PLA bio-composites. The tensile fracture surface morphological features of TRHN4-PLA and TRHILN4-PLA composites, observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealed less micro voids and fibre agglomerates, which indicates that better filler-matrix interfacial adhesion occurred in the case of chemical treated RH compared to UTRH when blended with PLA. However, composites TRHN4-PLA and TRHILN4-PLA showed lower water uptake capacity compared to UTRH-PLA. From the FTIR spectra of UTRH, TRHN4 and TRHILN4 together with water absorption behaviour of the composite specimens, it appeared that chemical modifications significantly reduced the hydrophilic nature of RH, resulting in improved fibre-matrix interfacial adhesion. The overall physico-mechanical properties of fabricated bio-composites were found to follow this order: TRHILN4-PLA>TRHN4-PLA>UTRH-PLA.

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Investigation on Mechanical and Tribological Behaviors of PA6 and Graphite-Reinforced PA6 Polymer Composites

Cited by 87 publications

References 28 publications

Temperature, Pressure, and Velocity Influence on the Tribological Properties of PA66 and PA46 Polyamides

Temperature, Pressure, and Velocity Influence on the Tribological Properties of PA66 and PA46 Polyamides

Graphite fluoride and fluorographene as a new class of solid lubricant additives for high‐performance polyamide 66 composites with excellent mechanical and tribological properties

Physico-mechanical properties of bio-composites fabricated from polylactic acid and rice husk treated with alkali and ionic liquid

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