Investigation on host susceptibility of Tibetan pig to infection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus through viral challenge study

Kang, Ran; Ji, Gaosheng; Yang, Xin; Lv, Xue-Bing; Zhang, Yi; Ge, Mengyun; Pan, Yun; Li, Qingzhou; Wang, Honggang; Zeng, Fanlin

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.11.035

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Susceptibility to PRRSV infection may vary with pig breed, as suggested by Lewis et al [ 29 ], and may explain the high mortality rate we observed in pure Large White SPF pigs. More severe disease symptoms have already been reported for HP-PRRSV infection in Large White pigs compared with either indigenous Chinese or Tibetan breeds [ 30 , 31 ]. Furthermore, in our study, the mortality observed in SPF pigs could be exacerbated by commensal micro-organisms that became pathogenic in the context of Lena-induced immunosuppression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dynamic changes in bronchoalveolar macrophages and cytokines during infection of pigs with a highly or low pathogenic genotype 1 PRRSV strain

Renson¹,

Rose²,

Dimna³

et al. 2017

Vet Res

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replicates primarily in pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and the resulting lung damage is influenced by strain virulence. To better understand the pathogenesis of PRRSV infection, we performed a longitudinal study of the PAM population and lung cytokines in specific pathogen-free pigs infected either with the highly pathogenic Lena strain or with the low pathogenic Finistere strain in comparison to uninfected pigs. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood were collected to follow viral, cellular and cytokine changes in lung with respect to clinical signs and systemic events. Compared to Finistere-infected pigs, Lena-infected pigs exhibited more severe clinical signs and 10- to 100-fold higher viral loads in BALF and blood. Similarly, they showed an earlier drop in BALF cell viability and phagocytic activity along with a decrease in the macrophage count. From 8 to 15 days post-infection (dpi), monocytes increased both in BALF and blood from Lena-infected pigs. BALF and blood showed contrasting cytokine patterns, with low increase of IFN-α and TNF-α levels and high increase for IL-1α and IL-8 in BALF after Lena-infection. In contrast, in the blood, the increase was marked for IFN-α and TNF-α but limited for IL-1β and IL-8. Down-regulation of PAM functions combined with inflammatory cytokine and monocyte recruitment may promote lung pathogenesis and virus replication in PRRSV infections with the highly pathogenic Lena strain. In contrast, the low pathogenic Finistere strain showed prolonged viral replication in lung, possibly related to the weak IFN-γ response.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-017-0420-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dynamic changes in bronchoalveolar macrophages and cytokines during infection of pigs with a highly or low pathogenic genotype 1 PRRSV strain

Renson¹,

Rose²,

Dimna³

et al. 2017

Vet Res

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“…In the current study, the relative abundance of Candida was observed to be the highest in the faeces of Yorkshire pigs. Compared to local breeds, pigs of foreign breeds are indeed reported to be more susceptible to some pathogens (Kang et al , ), which might be associated with the high abundance of Candida in the gut of Yorkshire pigs rather than Tibetan and Chenghua pigs. However, whether there is a relationship between the higher ratio of Candida and the disease susceptibility of pigs still needs to be discussed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fungal community and its interaction with the concentration of short‐chain fatty acids in the faeces of Chenghua, Yorkshire and Tibetan pigs

Chen

et al. 2019

Microbial Biotechnology

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Summary Despite their important roles in host nutrition and metabolism, and potential to cause disease, our knowledge of the fungal community in the mammalian gut is quite limited. To date, diversity and composition of fungi in swine gut still remains unknown. Therefore, the first internal transcribed spacer of fungi in faecal samples from three breeds of pigs (10 pigs for each breed) was sequenced based on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, and the relationship between the fungal community and the concentrations of main short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was also analysed. Results indicated that Chenghua (local, higher body fat rate), Yorkshire (foreign, higher lean meat and growth rate) and Tibetan (plateau, stronger disease resistance) pigs harboured distinct fungal community. The Basidiomycota and Ascomycota presented as the two predominant phyla, with Loreleia, Russula and Candida as the top three genera in all samples. Network analysis revealed a total of 35 correlations among different fungal genera, with 27 (77.14%) positive and 8 (22.86%) negative pairwise interactions. Canonical correspondence analysis suggested that fungi in the faeces of pigs were more correlated to the concentration of acetate and butyrate rather than propionate. Spearman’s correlation further showed that Tomentella was positively correlated to both acetate and butyrate, and Loreleia was positively correlated to propionate (P < 0.05), while Nephroma and Taiwanofungus were negatively correlated to acetate and propionate (P < 0.05). These findings expanded our knowledge on the intestinal fungi in pigs with different genotypes and phenotypes, indicating that fungi may play an indispensable role during the metabolism of host and the maintenance of intestinal health. The cross‐feeding between fungi and other microorganisms may be crucial during the digestion of dietary carbohydrates and the associated physiological processes, which is worthy to be further studied.

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“…SCwhn09CD (GenBank no. JN836553) is a HP-PRRSV strain isolated in the Sichuan area in 2009 [ 33 ]. Each piglet in each of the groups was intranasally administered with 2 mL (2 × 10 5 TCID 50 /mL) of virus SCN17, SCwhn09CD, and RPMI-1640 medium.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Characterization and Pathogenicity of a Novel Recombined Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 among Nadc30-Like, Jxa1-Like, and Mlv-Like Strains

Zhou

Kang

et al. 2018

Viruses

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Recombination among porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs), coupled with point mutations, insertions, and deletions occurring in the genome, is considered to contribute to the emergence of new variants. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of a PRRSV field strain, designated SCN17, isolated from a RespPRRS MLV-vaccinated piglet in China in 2017. Sequence alignment revealed that SCN17 had discontinuous 131-amino acid (111 + 1 + 19-aa) deletion in the NSP2-coding region identical to that of NADC30 when compared to VR-2332. Notably, the strain, SCN17, contained an additional 1-aa deletion in NSP2, a 1-aa deletion in ORF5, and a unique 3-nt deletion in the 3′-UTR. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SCN17 clustered into NADC30-like lineage based on ORF5 genotyping, whereas it belonged to an inter-lineage between the NADC30-like and VR-2332-like lineages as established based on the full-length genome. Importantly, the SCN17 was identified as a novel virus recombined between a NADC30-like (moderately pathogenic), a JXA1-like (highly pathogenic), and an attenuated vaccine strain, RespPRRS MLV (parental strain VR-2332). Furthermore, we tested its pathogenicity in piglets. SCN17 infection caused a persistent fever, moderate interstitial pneumonia, and increased the viremia and antibody levels in the inoculated piglets. Of note, all SCN17-infected piglets survived throughout the study. The new virus was showed to be a moderately virulent isolate and have lower pathogenicity than HP-PRRSV strain, SCwhn09CD. Our results provide evidence for the continuing evolution of PRRSV field strain by genetic recombination and mutation leading to outbreaks in the vaccinated pig populations in China.

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Investigation on host susceptibility of Tibetan pig to infection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus through viral challenge study

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Dynamic changes in bronchoalveolar macrophages and cytokines during infection of pigs with a highly or low pathogenic genotype 1 PRRSV strain

Dynamic changes in bronchoalveolar macrophages and cytokines during infection of pigs with a highly or low pathogenic genotype 1 PRRSV strain

The fungal community and its interaction with the concentration of short‐chain fatty acids in the faeces of Chenghua, Yorkshire and Tibetan pigs

Genetic Characterization and Pathogenicity of a Novel Recombined Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 among Nadc30-Like, Jxa1-Like, and Mlv-Like Strains

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