Investigation on Horizontal and Vertical Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Propagation in Global‐Scale Using GNSS and Multi‐LEO Satellites

Abstract

Large-scale TIDs (LSTIDs) have been widely observed and studied both experimentally and theoretically for decades (

Leveraging the CYGNSS Spaceborne GNSS‐R Observations to Detect Ionospheric Irregularities Over the Oceans: Method and Verification

“…The resulting ionospheric disturbances and severe space weather impacts during the geomagnetic storms have been widely reported over continental regions in earlier studies (Aa et al, 2018;Li et al, 2018;Wen & Mei, 2020;Zakharenkova & Cherniak, 2021). However, they have rarely been investigated in marine regions owing to the lack of GNSS stations (Ren et al, 2022).…”

“…The resulting ionospheric disturbances and severe space weather impacts during the geomagnetic storms have been widely reported over continental regions in earlier studies (Aa et al., 2018; Li et al., 2018; Wen & Mei, 2020; Zakharenkova & Cherniak, 2021). However, they have rarely been investigated in marine regions owing to the lack of GNSS stations (Ren et al., 2022). In this context, we utilize the spaceborne GNSS‐R technique (Molina & Camps, 2020) to monitor the ionospheric irregularities over the oceans, and the corresponding performance is validated.…”

Investigation of Large Scale Traveling Atmospheric/Ionospheric Disturbances Using the Coupled SAMI3 and GITM Models

“…Satellite observations of LSTIDs have been performed, but the link between measurements made at different altitudes in the ionosphere and the vertically integrated TEC is unclear (Ren et al., 2022). Analysis of Dynamic Explorer (DE 2) data yielded observations of wavelike fluctuations, only in the high‐latitude regions (Innis & Conde, 2002).…”

“…However, such measurements are altitude integrated and cannot decipher the wave characteristics at different altitudes and cannot provide a full global distribution. Ionospheric measurements from satellites can provide information on TIDs where GNSS receivers cannot be placed, but such measurements typically do not correlate well with GNSS perturbation Total Electron Content (TEC) measurements where they do coincide (Ren et al., 2022). Large Scale TIDs (LSTIDs) are TIDs with wavelengths greater than ∼1,000 km and are normally associated with geomagnetic storms, although they have been observed at geomagnetically quiet times with smaller amplitudes (Bruinsma & Forbes, 2010; Hedin & Mayr, 1987).…”