Investigation on High Energy Density Materials Utilizing Biological Transport Mechanisms

Sundaresan, Vishnu-Baba; Tan, Honghui; Leo, Donald J.; Cuppoletti, John

doi:10.1115/imece2004-60714

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The formation of a BLM across the pores was verified by impedance measurements reported in Sundaresan et. Al [14]. The glass plate was clamped in a fixture and introduced in reservoir that provided the required pH and sucrose gradient.…”

Section: Proton Gradient Driven Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Energy Density Nastic Structures Using Biological Transport Mechanisms

Leo¹

2007

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Public Reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. In all plant systems, the transport of ions and fluid produce localized pressure changes (called turgor pressure) that perform many cell functions, such as maintaining cell integrity and controlling plant growth. In this article, we demonstrate that the concept of fluid transport caused by protein transporters can be used to control the actuation properties of a mesoscale device. The device considered in this work consists of two chambers separated by a semi-permeable membrane substrate that contains protein transporters suspended in a lipid bilayer. The protein transporters convert biochemical energy in the form of ATP into a protein gradient across the semipermeable membrane. The proton gradient, in turn, induces a flow of fluid across the porous substrate and pressurizes a closed volume. The experimental demonstration uses a directly applied gradient. The pressurization of the closed volume produces a deformation in the cover plate of the chamber, thus transforming the chemical energy of the ATP into a measurable motion in the actuator. Experiments on the device demonstrate that micron-scale displacements can be induced in a millimeter-scale actuator. The time constant of the response is on the order of tens of seconds, and results demonstrate that the pH gradient (or) amount of ATP and ATPase control the actuation properties of the device. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of using natural protein transporters as the active component of a mechanical actuator.

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Section: Proton Gradient Driven Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Energy Density Nastic Structures Using Biological Transport Mechanisms

Leo¹

2007

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“…This process is common in the plant kingdom and is used to produce controlled motions called nastic movements. These membrane enclosed inclusions are called vesicles and can be placed into organized arrays to induce controllable expansion and contraction as well as bending and twisting actuation 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupled transport/hyperelastic model for nastic materials

Homison

Weiland

2006

SPIE Proceedings

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Nastic materials are high energy density active materials that mimic processes used in the plant kingdom to produce large deformations through the conversion of chemical energy. These materials utilize the controlled transport of charge and fluid across a selectively-permeable membrane to achieve bulk deformation in a process referred to in the plant kingdom as nastic movements. The nastic material being developed consists of synthetic membranes containing biological ion pumps, ion channels, and ion exchangers surrounding fluid-filled cavities embedded within a polymer matrix. In this paper the formulation of a biological transport model and its coupling with a hyperelastic finite element model of the polymer matrix is discussed. The transport model includes contributions from ion pumps, ion exchangers, and solvent flux. This work will form the basis for a feedback loop in material synthesis efforts. The goal of these studies is to determine the relative importance of the various parameters associated with both the polymer matrix and the biological transport components.

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“…Osmotic regulation follows secondary active transport in living cells to balance chemical potentials (Bonting, 1981) and results in volumetric expansion. Arrays of engineered microcapsules (Sundaresan et al, 2004) with shells that mimic cell membranes in its transport function and are strong enough to hold higher capsule pressures (10 MPa and higher) will enable us to develop a novel group of actuators called 'nastic actuators'. Forcing active transport by adding ATP to an organized microcapsule array (OMA) and facilitating transport from the resulting concentration gradient will result in an expansion of the organized array (Sundaresan et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arrays of engineered microcapsules (Sundaresan et al, 2004) with shells that mimic cell membranes in its transport function and are strong enough to hold higher capsule pressures (10 MPa and higher) will enable us to develop a novel group of actuators called 'nastic actuators'. Forcing active transport by adding ATP to an organized microcapsule array (OMA) and facilitating transport from the resulting concentration gradient will result in an expansion of the organized array (Sundaresan et al, 2004). A mosaic of OMAs as shown in Figure 2 can morph into different shapes as the force generated by arrays making up the mosaic can be controlled individually.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemo-mechanical Model for Actuation Based on Biological Membranes*

Sundaresany

Leo

2006

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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Plants have the ability to develop large mechanical force from chemical energy available with bio-fuels. The energy released by adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) hydrolysis assists the transport of ions and fluids to achieve volumetric expansion and homeostasis. Materials that develop pressure and hence strain similar to bio-materials are classified as nastic materials. Recent calculations for controlled actuation of an active material inspired by biological transport mechanism demonstrated the feasibility of developing such a material with actuation energy densities on the order of 100 kJ/m3. The initial investigation was based on capsules that generate pressure, thus causing strain in the surrounding matrix material. This paper focuses on our efforts to fabricate a representative actuation structure and describes the chemo-mechanical constitutive equation for such a material. The actuator considered in this work is a laminated plate dispersed with biological transporters. The initial design and a mathematical model to predict the fluid flux and strain developed in such an actuator are presented here.

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Investigation on High Energy Density Materials Utilizing Biological Transport Mechanisms

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

High Energy Density Nastic Structures Using Biological Transport Mechanisms

High Energy Density Nastic Structures Using Biological Transport Mechanisms

Coupled transport/hyperelastic model for nastic materials

Chemo-mechanical Model for Actuation Based on Biological Membranes*

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