Investigation on enzymic hydrolysis of lignified cellulosic materials

Polčin, J.; Bezúch, B.

doi:10.1007/bf00356926

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Mechanical and physical pretreatments such as vibratory milling or grinding (Polcin, Bezuch 1977;Millett et al 1979;Shimizu 1980), defibration (Thonart et al 1979) or electron beam radiation (Anonymous 1978b) were shown to decrystallize and to depolymerize cellulose, by which hydrolysis rates and yields are generally increased. But due to the energy required for these procedures on an industrial scale none of them is economically feasible today.…”

Section: 6)mentioning

confidence: 99%

18. Utilization of Wood and Wood Components for Chemicals and Energy

1983

Wood

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Section: 6)mentioning

confidence: 99%

18. Utilization of Wood and Wood Components for Chemicals and Energy

1983

Wood

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“…-finely divided wood (milled wood) after extraction of milled wood lignin (Björkman 1957;Brownell 1965Brownell , 1970Koshijima et al 1972Koshijima et al , 1976Yaku et al 1976) -milled wood lignin (Lundquist 1976;Lundquist et al 1979Lundquist et al , 1980Wegener, Fengel 1979) -enzymatically and chemically degraded wood (Krejcberg et al 1974;Sergeeva et al 1979) -methylated and acetylated wood and holocellulose (Kosikovä et al 1969(Kosikovä et al , 1972Kosikovä 1973) -chlorite delignification liquors (Wegener 1976;Glinski, Nicholls 1977) -alkali extracts from holocellulose (Kringstad, Ellefsen 1964;Kringstad 1965;Kringstad, Cheng 1969;Fengel, Przyklenk 1975Fengel 1976bFengel , c, 1979Feckl 1981;Feckl, Fengel 1982b, c) -technical pulps and pulping liquors (Pearl, Beyer 1964;Simonson 1971;Meshitsuka et al 1975;Polcin, Bezuch 1977;Ohara et al 1980). …”

Section: Lignin-polysaccharide Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

6. Lignin

1983

Wood

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Next to cellulose lignin is the most abundant and important polymeric organic substance in the plant world. The incorporation of lignin into the cell walls of plants gave them the chance to conquer the Earth's land surface. Lignin increased the mechanical strength properties to such an extent that huge plants such as trees with heights of even more than 100 m can remain upright.Lignin is a characteristic chemical and morphological component of the tissues of higher plants such as pterodophytes and spermatophytes (gymnosperms and angiosperms), where it typically occurs in the vascular tissues, specialized for liquid transport and mechanical strength (e.g. xylem, 2.1.). Primitive plants such as fungi, lichens and algae are not lignified, while it is still questionable whether mosses contain true lignin or only phenolic compounds which also yield a nonhydrolyzable residue during acid treatment (Freudenberg 1968;Sarkanen, Hergert 1971). More recent investigations on several mosses (e.g. Sphagnum magellanicum) indicate that they contain no lignin and that lignin occurrence is indeed restricted to vascular plants (Erickson, Miksche 1974;Miksche, Yasuda 1978;Nimz, Tutschek 1977).The amounts of lignin present in different plants is quite variable. While in wood species the lignin content ranges from 20 to 40% (->3.3.) aquatic and herbaceous angiosperms as well as many monocotyledons (e.g. horse-tail species) are less lignified (Neish 1968;Sarkanen, Hergert 1971;Krüger 1976).Additionally the distribution of lignin within the cell wall (-» 8.2.) and the lignin contents of different parts of a tree are not uniform. For example high lignin values are characteristic for the lowest, highest and inner parts of the stem, for softwood branches, bark (-H> 9.2.) and compression wood (-» 2.3.). The lignin contents of needles and leaves are described inconsistently as high or low, possibly depending on their state of development (Wardrop 1971;Uprichard 1971;Howard 1973;Miksche, Yasuda 1977;Luger, Gampe 1978).In most cases of wood utilization lignin is used as an integrated part of wood. Only in the case of pulping and bleaching (-» 16.) is lignin more ore less released from wood in degraded and altered forms, representing a large potential carbon source of more than 35 million tons of carbon per year world-wide for chemical and energy purposes (-» 18.6.).

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“…Among the known chemical barriers are lignin, hemicellulose, and the acetyl group (Chang and Holtzapple, 2000;Grohmann et al 1989;Kong et al 1992). Physical factors, such as crystallinity (Caufield and Moore 1974;Cowling and Kirk 1976;Fan et al 1980;Polcin and Bezuch 1977;Sasakiet al 1979;Schwald et al 1988), surface area (Burns et al 1989;Lee et al 1995), and degree of polymerization (Puri 1984), are also known to affect enzymatic hydrolysis. Among these factors, lignin and hemicellulose were considered as the major impeding factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing sulfite pretreatment for saccharification of wheat straw using orthogonal design

Yang

Wang

et al. 2011

BioRes

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An orthogonal designed experiment was used to investigate the effects of sulfite pretreatment on the components separation and saccharification of wheat straw. The process involved sulfite pretreatment of wheat straw under acidic conditions followed by mechanical size reduction using a high consistency refiner. Reaction temperature, retention time, and charges of sodium bisulfite and sulphuric acid were considered as key factors. The results showed the four factors had impact on saccharification of wheat straw. Raising the temperature, increasing the charge of sodium bisulfite or sulphuric acid, or extending the retention time would improve the dissolution of pentosan, lignin, and saccharification efficiency, while causing further conversion of pentose. The separation of lignin and pentosan from wheat straw was the main cause of improvements in saccharification. With an enzyme loading of 5 FPU cellulase plus 4 CBU β-glucosidase per gram of o.d. substrate, a glucose yield 72.45% was achieved using the substrate pretreated under the conditions of temperature 180 oC, sodium bisulfite charge 3%, sulfuric acid charge 1.48%, and retention time 20 min.

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Investigation on enzymic hydrolysis of lignified cellulosic materials

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

18. Utilization of Wood and Wood Components for Chemicals and Energy

18. Utilization of Wood and Wood Components for Chemicals and Energy

6. Lignin

Optimizing sulfite pretreatment for saccharification of wheat straw using orthogonal design

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