Investigation on drag characteristics of heavy oil flowing through horizontal pipe under the action of aqueous foam

Preparation and rheological properties of a stable aqueous foam system

“…9,20 Specically, aqueous foam is injected into the space between the heavy oil and pipe wall to form foam annulus, and the isolation and lubrication action of the foam annulus or foam drainage complex layer contributes to heavy oil ow drag reduction. First and foremost, a stable oil-tolerant and salt-resistant aqueous foam system needs to be recomposed.…”

“…Its unique structure determines that it has several excellent characteristics such as low friction, strong carrying capacity, low density and ltration loss, which allow it to be widely used in the eld of petroleum drilling, 1,2 well cementing, 3 prole modication, 4 water shutoff, 5 oil displacement [6][7][8] and drag reduction for viscous oil pipeline transportation. 9 For instance, foam with high stability can effectively prevent cuttings settlement and drilling rig sticking accident caused by accidental stopping of pump from occurring in the process of underbalanced foam drilling.…”

Foaming of Oils: Effect of Poly(dimethylsiloxanes) and Silica Nanoparticles

“…2 Similar problems emerge in textile washing, waterborne latex paints and varnishes, and some medical applications. 3 In the oil and gas industry, although it has been reported that annular foam and foamy oil are beneficial for pipeline transportation of heavy oil, 4,5 some stages suffer from foam production. For example, agents for drilling are usually surfactants, which when mixed with the hydrocarbon gases, CO 2 and H 2 S, will produce much foam and severely decrease the drilling speed.…”

Computational Flow Dynamic Simulation of Micro Flow Field Characteristics Drainage Device Used in the Process of Oil-Water Separation

“…But, almost every oilfield around the world has to go through the development phase of water cut, especially oilfields which take fast recovery rate or water injection mode. Therefore, the aqueous crude oil is ubiquitous in the development of oilfield [1,2]. Besides, crude oil and water also carry and dissolve a large collection of salts when moving in the reservoir, such as sulfate, carbonate, and chloride including potassium chloride and sodium chloride.…”

“…In addition, heavy solids can do great physical damage to metallic conduit and equipment. Furthermore, the aqueous crude oil has a strong impact on oil refinery processes [1,3]. Salts and heavy solids contained in crude oil are usually dissolved and suspended in the water.…”