“…Today, new machine learning techniques are efficient tools for optimization and sophisticated computing that reduce operating costs and improve system performance. Extensive research has been conducted in recent years on the application of intelligent machine learning methods in various sectors of the upstream oil and gas industry, such as desalting system analysis [37], hydrocarbon phase behavior prediction [38][39][40][41][42], determination of oil and gas flow through orifice [43][44][45][46] and determination of flow rate through wellhead choke [18,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Predicting multiphase flow rate from wellhead chokes is the subject of other studies on machine learning application in flow measurement concepts.…”