Investigation on Ammonia–Biodiesel Fueled RCCI Combustion Engine Using a Split Injection Strategy

Abstract

Advanced combustion concepts in compression ignition are emerging as one of the most promising solutions to reduce nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and particle emissions without sacrificing fuel efficiency. Among many advanced combustion concepts, reactive controlled compression ignition (RCCI) can achieve a wider working range. In this study, to implement RCCI operation, ammonia gas is introduced through the manifold as a low-reactive fuel, and biodiesel is injected directly as a high-reactivity fuel with a 40:60 energy ratio. The effect of biodiesel split ratio in a split injection strategy (pre- and main injections) is examined under varied load conditions, and the results are compared with ammonia/biodiesel single injection. Results indicate that the use of the 45% biodiesel split ratio at full load boosts the peak in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate and shifts the peak occurrence toward the top dead center (TDC). An increase in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) to 36.22% and reduced brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) to 8.75 MJ/kWh are 12.33% higher and 19.31% lower than ammonia/biodiesel single injection. Emissions of HC, CO, and smoke opacity were reduced to 50 ppm, 0.098% vol, and 15.6%, which are 34.21, 39.13, and 33.89% lower, while the emission of NO x was increased to 615 ppm, which is 36.06% higher than the single-injection ammonia/biodiesel RCCI combustion.

Computational Investigation of the Influence of Combustion Chamber Characteristics on a Heavy-Duty Ammonia Diesel Dual Fuel Engine

“…According to their results, CO and hydrocarbon emissions are generally higher compared to pure diesel, while NO x emissions vary with fuel combinations. This is in line with the results of Guo et al [11] and Ramachandran et al [12].…”