Investigation of X-parameters measurements on a 100 W Doherty power amplifier

Wood, John; Collins, Gayle

doi:10.1109/arftg.2010.5496319

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This instrument can also build an X-parameters model file that is compatible with the Agilent ADS simulator. High-power PAs do require some extra care in setting up an external measurement system around the PNA-X, but this can extend the capability of the instrument to measure X-parameters on PAs of upwards of 100 W output power [12]. We can also generate an X-parameter description of a circuit from simulation.…”

Section: Frequency-domain Modelsmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Glimpse of the Future

Wood

2012

IEEE Microwave

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Section: Frequency-domain Modelsmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Glimpse of the Future

Wood

2012

IEEE Microwave

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“…The Fourier series in (2) can be written as Reversing the summation order on the sum over negative arguments and using (30) gives Using this expression, the Jacobian expansions is no longer analytic and partials are required over conjugated variables. Wirtinger based relationships, for example, is used in X parameters [18], [24], [28]- [39]. For real signals and systems, however, the analyic expression in (22) Fig.…”

Section: Nonanalyticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are the harmonic coupling weights (HCWs). S-functions [16]- [20] and X-parameters [28]- [39] are HCWs.…”

Section: Periodicity Preservation Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Groundbreaking nonlinear system harmonic coupling characterizations [11]- [15] such as VIOMAP [15], S-functions [16]- [20], polyharmonic distortion (PHD) models [22]- [27] and X-parameters® [28]- [39] have been offered as approaches to the "black-box" modeling of nonlinear devices. They differ from more traditional nonlinear models such as those of Volterra & Norbert Wiener [40]- [45] and Hermite [46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small Perturbation Harmonic Coupling in Nonlinear Periodicity Preservation Circuits

Baylis

Marks

2012

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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Nonlinear systems and circuits, while required for many applications, presently require a design procedure that is often complex. In many cases, the design process is either based upon measurements or complex nonlinear models. This paper presents periodicity preservation (PP) and time invariant PP (TIPP) system theory as a simple way to characterize behavior for a significant class of nonlinear systems. PP systems preserve signal periodicity and are conducive to modeling harmonic coupling. When linearized to small perturbations, the harmonic coupling is described by the Jacobian about the operating point. The harmonic coupling weights, which are elements of the Jacobian, can be measured experimentally. For some TIPP systems such as LTI systems and memoryless nonlinearities, a single experiment suffices to determine the harmonic coupling weights. Other PP systems, including mixing and linear time variant systems, require more experimental queries. TIPP system theory is foundational to the theory of X-parameters®, S-functions and polyharmonic distortion.

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“…That is (9) and the Fourier series [26] is (10) where is one for and is otherwise zero. From (9), the Fourier coefficients are seen to be samples of the Fourier transform of a single period of That is,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Harmonic Coupling Weights in Nonlinear Periodicity Preservation Systems

Baylis

Marks

2012

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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When stimulated by a periodic stimulus, every component of a possibly nonlinear periodicity preservation system oscillates periodically with the same period as the stimulus. Changes in the harmonic structure of the the stimulus couples each input harmonic to, in general, every response harmonic. Knowledge of harmonic coupling weights (HCWs) allows model free characterization of effects of all small stimulus perturbation. This paper develops foundational methodology for experimentally measuring the HCWs. The on-frequency method uses small tickle tones at harmonic frequencies to do this. The off-frequency method places tickle tones adjacent to harmonic frequencies and is applicable to PP systems that are locally frequency invariant. Memoryless nonlinear PP systems are an example where the approach works exactly. The off-frequency method also requires fewer experiments. In some cases, the off-frequency method can be extended to measure numerous HCWs in a single experiment. Some system types such as the memoryless nonlinearity, require fewer experiments than general PP systems. Methods to experimentally measure the Hessian are also presented.

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Investigation of X-parameters measurements on a 100 W Doherty power amplifier

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

A Glimpse of the Future

A Glimpse of the Future

Small Perturbation Harmonic Coupling in Nonlinear Periodicity Preservation Circuits

Evaluation of Harmonic Coupling Weights in Nonlinear Periodicity Preservation Systems

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