Investigation of using Calabrian pine cone dust and borax in brake pads

Abstract

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate use of calabrian pine (pinus brutia) cone (CPC) dust along with borax (BX) to assess the effect of friction coefficient. Despite the number of research studies completed on the mechanism of friction in automotive brake lining materials, the phenomenon is still not fully understood. Complex mechano-chemical processes occurring on the friction interface of a composite friction material make it difficult to understand the correlation between the formulation of brake lining and the frictional performance. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, the use of CPC dust along with BX has been investigated for assessing the effect on friction coefficient. CPC has resin in it. BX is a boron production which is widely used in boron glass production and in ceramic industry for increasing the heat- resistant and -forming abrasion resistant. Newly formulated brake lining material with five different ingredients has been tested under Friction Assessment and Screening Test. Friction coefficient, wear rate and scanning electron microscope for friction surface were examined to assess the performance of these samples. Findings – Analysis of the experimental results shows that the brake lining material containing CPC and BX significantly improved the stability of the friction coefficient, fade and wear resistance. Originality/value – Several investigations have been conducted to use different materials in brake pads. The brake pad standards have been provided in previous studies, as well as the aims for economical and sustainable production. In the present study, production of brake pads by CPC dust and BX has been executed. Parallel results have been presented between previously reported and present study, in view of brake characteristics and wear resistance. Use of the lower cost and productive organic sources of material are the main improvement of the present study.

Friction and wear properties of friction materials containing nano/micro-sized SiO2 particles

“…When Figure 2 is examined, it is seen that the 5 per cent SiC (SM5)-added specimen resulted in the friction coefficient of 0.262-0.320, while the 10 per cent SiC (SN10)-added specimen resulted in 0.397-0.490 at 50-350°C temperature range. Ostermeyer (2003) also reported that the friction coefficient decreases with increase in interface temperature (Boz and Kurt, 2007;Sugozu et al, 2014b). The observed amount of change in the friction coefficient of samples in Figure 2 decreased after increase (i.e.…”

“…It is stated in the literature that the friction coefficient () generally varies between 0.1 and 0.7 depending on friction force and disc-lining interface temperature (Ravikiran and Jahanmir, 2001). In addition, it is stated in SAE-J661 that disc-lining interface temperature is about 300-350°C (Boz and Kurt, 2007;Sugozu et al, 2014b).…”

“…Stachowiak and Batchelor (2001) explained this by sticking of the friction surfaces. The sticking surface slips after a while due to the relative movement, and therefore, this, in turn, results in changes in the friction coefficient (Boz and Kurt, 2007;Sugozu et al, 2014b).…”

Optimization and assessment of brake pad production parameters and organic Juniperus drupacea cone powder additive ratio using the Taguchi method

“…It is stated that forest products can be used as binder material instead of phenolic resin. Sugozu, Can, 47 shows that the brake pad material containing calabrian pine cone dust and borax significantly increases the friction coefficient, the stability of the fade and wear resistance.Manoharan, S. et.al. 48 used red sludge as an abrasive and iron sulfide as a solid lubricant in the study where they examined the synergistic effect on fade-recovery characteristics in organic brake friction composites that do not contain asbestos.…”

“…While abrasive powders such as alumina or chromium oxide are used to increase the friction coefficient, solid lubricants such as graphite are added to reduce this. 3 In previous studies on the lining, it can be observed that organic additives such as banana peel, 31 pine cone, 32 live seed, 33 nut shell, 15 walnut shell, 34 snail shell, 35 scallop shell, 36,37 crab, 36,37,39 periwinkle shell, 36,37,40 mussel shell, 38 cow bone, 41 pineapple fiber, 22 palm kernel, 41 palm kernel fibers 38 are used to create a lining composition that does not contain asbestos, which is harmful to health. Abutu, Lawal 42 used the ground sea snail shells as reinforcement material in the brake lining composition and investigated the ideal production conditions of sea shell reinforced brake lining with the help of gray relation analysis.…”