Investigation of upper limb movement during badminton smash

Application of wearable technologies for player motion analysis in racket sports: A systematic review

“…The 15 articles included eight journal articles [2][3][4][5][6]25,33,36 and seven conference papers. 12,27,34,35,[38][39][40] Five articles focused on tennis (forehand stroke, 35,36 serve 2,33 and both the forehand stroke and serve 34 ), five articles on table tennis (forehand stroke, 3,6,25 backhand block 38 and block 27 ), four articles on badminton (smash, 39,40 backhand long serve 4 and smash and drop shot 12 ) and one article on squash (forehand drive, backhand drive, volley and drop shot 5 ). Between 1 4,33 and 20 38 players participated in each study, with seven studies focusing on adult players (mean age of over 18 years), 2,3,6,25,36,38,40 1 study focusing on junior players (mean age below 18 years) 5 while the age of the players was not specified in the remaining studies.…”

“…12,27,34,35,[38][39][40] Five articles focused on tennis (forehand stroke, 35,36 serve 2,33 and both the forehand stroke and serve 34 ), five articles on table tennis (forehand stroke, 3,6,25 backhand block 38 and block 27 ), four articles on badminton (smash, 39,40 backhand long serve 4 and smash and drop shot 12 ) and one article on squash (forehand drive, backhand drive, volley and drop shot 5 ). Between 1 4,33 and 20 38 players participated in each study, with seven studies focusing on adult players (mean age of over 18 years), 2,3,6,25,36,38,40 1 study focusing on junior players (mean age below 18 years) 5 while the age of the players was not specified in the remaining studies. For the player level, experienced players (level described as being able to accurately perform the different stroke techniques) were used in nine studies, [2][3][4][5][6]25,36,39 amateur level players (level described as being able to not accurately perform the different stroke techniques) were not used in any studies, while five studies included both levels of players.…”

“…For the player level, experienced players (level described as being able to accurately perform the different stroke techniques) were used in nine studies, [2][3][4][5][6]25,36,39 amateur level players (level described as being able to not accurately perform the different stroke techniques) were not used in any studies, while five studies included both levels of players. 12,27,34,35,38,40 One study did not specify the player level. 33 Warm-up procedures were performed in seven studies 2,3,5,25,27,36,40 and the total number of strokes hit by each player during the testing conditions for the study varied between 1 4,34 and 150.…”

“…12,27,34,35,38,40 One study did not specify the player level. 33 Warm-up procedures were performed in seven studies 2,3,5,25,27,36,40 and the total number of strokes hit by each player during the testing conditions for the study varied between 1 4,34 and 150. 35 Five studies required players to hit shots successfully towards a target area while at the same time following experimental guidelines for inclusion in the analysis 3,5,6,25,36 and two studies also compared gender differences.…”

“…35 Five studies required players to hit shots successfully towards a target area while at the same time following experimental guidelines for inclusion in the analysis 3,5,6,25,36 and two studies also compared gender differences. 6,40 Commercial devices were used in eight studies 2,3,5,6,25,34,38,40 and custom-built devices were used in seven studies. 4,12,27,33,35,36,39 In the studies using Table 1.…”