Investigation of titanium compound particles in aluminium nitride sintered body by auger electron spectroscopy

Nakahata, Seiji; Matsuura, Takahiro; Sogabe, Kouichi; Yamakawa, Akira

doi:10.1007/bf00579273

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The notion of the composite particle in PSO-CP is derived from a branch of physics [13], [32]. In physics, composite particles usually refer to a particular kind of particles that are composed of two or more particles via chemical actions.…”

Section: Composite Particle In Physicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Swarm Optimization With Composite Particles in Dynamic Environments

Liu

Yang

Wang

2010

IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern. B

126

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Abstract-In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the study of particle swarm optimization (PSO) in dynamic environments. This paper presents a new PSO model, called PSO with composite particles (PSO-CP), to address dynamic optimization problems. PSO-CP partitions the swarm into a set of composite particles based on their similarity using a "worst first" principle. Inspired by the composite particle phenomenon in physics, the elementary members in each composite particle interact via a velocity-anisotropic reflection scheme to integrate valuable information for effectively and rapidly finding the promising optima in the search space. Each composite particle maintains the diversity by a scattering operator. In addition, an integral movement strategy is introduced to promote the swarm diversity. Experiments on a typical dynamic test benchmark problem provide a guideline for setting the involved parameters and show that PSO-CP is efficient in comparison with several state-of-the-art PSO algorithms for dynamic optimization problems. Index Terms-Composite particle, dynamic optimization problem (DOP), particle swarm optimization (PSO), scattering operator, velocity-anisotropic reflection (VAR).

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Section: Composite Particle In Physicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Swarm Optimization With Composite Particles in Dynamic Environments

Liu

Yang

Wang

2010

IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern. B

126

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“…The concept of "compound particle" is derived from a branch of physics [9,16]. It refers to a particular sort of particles that are composed by at least two particles through the chemical bond.…”

Section: Compound Particle Swarm Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It refers to a particular sort of particles that are composed by at least two particles through the chemical bond. Such particle possesses not only the qualities of each "member particle", but also some composite characters [16]. The characteristics of CPSO lie mainly in the following three aspects: 1) having the basic framework of canonical PSO; 2) incorporating the construction and update of compound particles; 3) employing a specialized reflection strategy and an integral-moving scheme for compound particles.…”

Section: Compound Particle Swarm Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compound Particle Swarm Optimization in Dynamic Environments

Liu

Wang

Yang

2008

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Abstract. Adaptation to dynamic optimization problems is currently receiving a growing interest as one of the most important applications of evolutionary algorithms. In this paper, a compound particle swarm optimization (CPSO) is proposed as a new variant of particle swarm optimization to enhance its performance in dynamic environments. Within CPSO, compound particles are constructed as a novel type of particles in the search space and their motions are integrated into the swarm. A special reflection scheme is introduced in order to explore the search space more comprehensively. Furthermore, some information preserving and anti-convergence strategies are also developed to improve the performance of CPSO in a new environment. An experimental study shows the efficiency of CPSO in dynamic environments.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Interfacial reactions between Ti and AlN are of great interest due to the high affinity of Ti to Al and N, leading to formation of various nitrides and titanium aluminides. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Interfacial reactions between Ti and AlN are of great interest due to the high affinity of Ti to Al and N, leading to formation of various nitrides and titanium aluminides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation mechanisms and atomic configurations of nitride phases at the interface of aluminum nitride and titanium

Chiu

Lin

2008

J. Mater. Res.

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were formed during cooling. Further diffusion of N atoms into the reaction zone precipitates a chopped fiber-like ␣ 2 -Ti 2 AlN in the matrix of ␥-TiAl, with [110] ␥−TiAl //[1120] 2 −Ti 2 AlN and (111) ␥−TiAl //(1103) 2 −Ti 2 AlN , by substituting N atoms for one-half Al atoms after annealing at 1400°C for 1 h. The released Al atoms, due to the precipitation of 2 -Ti 2 AlN, resulted in an ordered Al-rich ␥-TiAl or Ti 3 Al 5 . Furthermore, the ␣-Ti (Al, N) was nitridized into a lamellar layer (␦-TiN + ␣-Ti) with [110] ␦−TiN //[1120] ␣−Ti and (111) ␦−TiN //(0001) ␣−Ti .

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Investigation of titanium compound particles in aluminium nitride sintered body by auger electron spectroscopy

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Particle Swarm Optimization With Composite Particles in Dynamic Environments

Particle Swarm Optimization With Composite Particles in Dynamic Environments

Compound Particle Swarm Optimization in Dynamic Environments

Formation mechanisms and atomic configurations of nitride phases at the interface of aluminum nitride and titanium

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