Investigation of Tire Force Transmission on Interaction With Slush

Abstract

The main parameters describing the interaction between a tire and the road are forces transmitted by a tire. This paper presents experimental and theoretical research of mechanism of force transmission between a tire and slush-covered pavement. The experimental research was conducted in the internal drum test facility at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Germany. The theoretical research presents a mathematical model of the system ""sub-block-slush layer-drum" focusing on slush behavior. The model evaluates mass change velocity of slush layer, mass, and physical-mechanical properties of sub-block. Slush was analyzed as a multi-layer bulk. The obtained velocities of slush layers and friction forces from the model allowed us to determine the generated heat per time unit at each layer. It was found that the top layer of slush has the highest velocity and heat flow values compared to other layers.

Numerical Simulations of the Driving Process of a Wheeled Machine Tire on a Snow-Covered Road

“…The upper and lower plates are subdivided by six-node solid elements, and the pressure film around the cylindrical body was discreted by means of shell elements. In this model, the contact forces between the SPH particles and the upper plate, lower plate, and the PVC plastic membrane are calculated using the well-known node-to-surface algorithm [43]. Furthermore, the physical parameters of the model are determined according to Table 4 [42].…”

“…The contact forces between the tire and snow, the snow and the underlying pavement, and the tire and pavement are calculated using a node-to-surface algorithm, wherein the outer surface of the tire and the surface of the pavement are arranged as master surfaces, and the nodes in the center of the SPH particles are defined as slave nodes. The dynamic and static friction coefficients between the tire and the road are set at 0.5 and 0.8, respectively [43]. In this model, the tire pressure of the model is simulated with the application of a homogeneous surface load.…”