Investigation of thermoregulation properties of various ceramic-containing knitted fabric structures

The feet, covered by socks and shoes during running, undergo an increase of temperature. The aim of this study was to reduce heat generation in the feet of athletes during running by wearing novel thermoregulatory socks impregnated with bioceramic materials. Thirty male athletes ran a half-marathon (21.0975 km) wearing polyester based with bioceramic fibres (zirconium silicate and titanium oxide) and control socks (polyester). The average temperatures were measured with a thermographic camera (FLIR e60bx) before and after the run. Nine regions of interests were evaluated in the plantar surface and eight in the dorsum. Before running, the plantar region with the highest temperature was the inner midfoot (plantar arch) with 30.3 AE 2.1 C on the control sock and 30.2 AE 2.1 C on the bioceramic one. After running, smaller temperatures were found at the plantar surface of five regions of interests: heel, inner midfoot, first and fifth metatarsal heads and first toe and all the dorsal regions of the bioceramic

Section: Application and Limitations Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Running thermoregulation effects using bioceramics versus polyester fibres socks

Gómez-Martín

Sánchez-Rodríguez

Fernández-Seguín

et al. 2020

“…Incorporated micro-and nano-particle-sized far-infrared (FIR) accumulating minerals (magnesium, zirconium and iron oxides, silicon carbide and germanium compounds, etc.) exhibit the ability of the human body to accumulate/release heat [65][66][67][68][69]. The most important part of creating a human sense of heat is the far-infrared spectrum of IR radiation, namely electromagnetic waves of 6-15 mm long, because only waves of that length of FIR radiation emitted by heat can be received and delivered to the human body [67,70].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most important part of creating a human sense of heat is the far-infrared spectrum of IR radiation, namely electromagnetic waves of 6-15 mm long, because only waves of that length of FIR radiation emitted by heat can be received and delivered to the human body [67,70]. Therefore, this innovative fibre has not only protective functions but also provides an enhanced thermoregulatory effect: it balances temperature fluctuations and provides an enhanced thermal effect [69,71]. The PCM efficiency (DH) of the yarns consisting Cell Solution V R Protection fibre fibers, determined by DSC analysis: absorbed heat at 3.441 J/g and released heat at 3.242 J/g (see Figure 9(b)).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, investigation and evaluation of smart multifunctional socks

Stygienė

Varnaitė-Žuravliova

Abraitienė

et al. 2020

Self Cite

The use of a new generation chemical fibers with various functional additives offers new possibilities for the development of advanced (multi)functional textile products. Such compounds as phase change materials (PCMs), metals (like cooper, silver), also natural or chemical insect repellents, FIR emitting ceramic particles and etc. incorporated into fibres’ structure are essential for development of knitted fabrics directly contacting to the skin with effective thermoregulation and such protective properties as: antimicrobial, antistatic, repellence against blood sucking insects. The main parts of socks investigated were knitted in plain plated single jersey pattern. The 3-ply twisted yarns of new structures were used in the outer layer of socks. Yarns were made by using single yarns with PCMs, insect repellent permethrin, ceramic and silver additives containing fibres (Cell Solution® Clima, Cell Solution® Protection, Resistex® Silver). The inner layer of socks was made of polyester (PES) 3-ply twisted yarns with different number of filaments resulted in different structures of socks’ fabric. Based on all obtained thermoregulating and protective characteristics of investigated different knitted fabric structures of socks, the optimal knitted socks were selected. The obtained results of investigations are significant for the development of other knitted fabrics worn next to the skin.

“…Pooley et al 12 reported calculated emissivity in FIR region of TiO 2 imbedded fabrics and compared it with the emissivity measured using TSS-5X measuring equipment. Stygiene et al 13 examined the thermoregulation of various ceramic included knitted fabrics made of bioceramic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) spun yarns (Resistex ® and Mirawave ® ) and PA66 textured microfiber filament (Nilit ® ). They measured moisture vapor permeability, water absorbing and drying properties, heat release temperature by infrared (IR) rays with the elemental analysis by Bruker X-ray and morphological investigation by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of moisture vapor permeability and thermal comfort properties of ceramic embedded fabrics for protective clothing

Kim¹

2022

This study examined the water and moisture vapor permeable and thermal wear comfort of different ceramic imbedded fabrics for workwear protective clothing, and the results are discussed in terms of the thermal radiation and the emissivity characteristics of these fabrics. The water and moisture vapor permeable and thermal wear comfort properties of the ceramic-imbedded fabrics incorporating aluminum oxide (Al2O3)/graphite, zinc oxide (ZnO)/zirconium carbide (ZrC) and ZnO/antimony tin oxide (ATO) were superior to those of the regular polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics due to the greater heat emission of the ceramic-imbedded fabrics. Of three ceramic imbedded fabrics, ZnO/ATO-imbedded fabric exhibited poorer water absorbing and drying properties than those of the Al2O3/graphite and ZnO/ZrC ceramic-imbedded fabrics. The heat retention rate and breathability were also inferior to those of the Al2O3/graphite and ZnO/ZrC ceramic-imbedded fabrics, which were due to the lower far-infrared (FIR) emissivity of the ZnO/ATO-imbedded fabrics. Summarizing the water and moisture vapor permeable and thermal wear comfort properties with heat release characteristics of the different ceramic imbedded PET fabrics, Al2O3 and ZrC ceramic particles imparted a good wear comfort characteristics with superior heat release property, whereas, the ZnO and ATO ceramic particles imbedded fabrics exhibited inferior water and moisture vapor permeable and thermal wear comfort due to the lower heat release of ZnO particles and the heat shielding effect of ATO particles, which is supposed to impart an uncomfortable feeling while wearing workwear protective clothing in cold/dry environments in cold weather regions. These findings suggest that ZnO and ATO particles need to be mixed with ZrC and Al2O3 particles in the yarns to enhance wear comfort of workwear protective clothing.