Investigation of Thermal Effects of Radiofrequency Ablation Mediated with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Dispersed in Agarose and Chitosan Solvents

Abstract

Thermal ablation (TA) is known as an alternative therapy to surgery to treat tumors. However, TA-based therapy requires advanced approaches in order to prevent causing damage to healthy tissue around the tumor and selectively target the desired area. Nanoparticles are considered as a promising tool in biomedicine to fulfill these requirements. This study was carried out in order to analyze the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on the temperature increment during radiofrequency ablation therapy of porcine liver. In addition, this research aimed to experimentally evaluate the impact of two solvents such as agarose and chitosan on the temperature change, when magnetic nanoparticles were dispersed in them. The iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by the solvothermal method demonstrating the magnetic properties by acting to the external magnetic field. To increase the local heat superparamagnetic nanoparticles (iron oxide magnetic nanoparticle (IONPs)) of the average size of 20 nm in size and the concentrations from 1 to 10 mg/mL of MNPs with a step size of 1 mg/mL were tested in 10 replicates for each concentration and solvent. Moreover, the temperature changes for dry liver, and 0 mg/mL concentration was checked for calibration and reference purposes. As a sensing system, advanced 16-FBG optical fiber sensors connected to an interrogator were employed allowing the temperature change to be monitored accurately in real time. A maximum temperature of about 142 °C was recorded by a 5 mg/mL concentration of iron oxide nanoparticles dispersed in the agarose solvent.

Fiber-Optic Distributed Sensing Network for Thermal Mapping of Gold Nanoparticles-Mediated Radiofrequency Ablation

“…Under this condition, medical generators enter a "safe mode", discontinuing the power supply and interrupting the RFA procedure [25]. In order to improve over this effect, both agarose and chitosan gels [26] have been employed in order to reduce the tissue impedance. In addition, gold and silver nanomaterials [27] have been used in combination with agarose with the purpose of improving the thermal delivery, and ultimately increasing the ablated region.…”

“…Prior works were performed on RFA using ferromagnetic nanoparticles [26], and silver nanoparticles with a green-oriented synthesis method [40], showing an increase of the treated region when nanoparticles are inserted in situ in a solution of agarose or chitosan gel. However, gold nanoparticles (AuNP) represent the most popular method to extend the performance of thermotherapies, as AuNP have been demonstrated in radiofrequency [41] and laser [42] ablation.…”

Investigation of Electrical Properties of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Bonded with Ionic Solutions for Microwave Ablation Systems

“…Ashikbayeva et al have presented that magnetic nanoparticles increase the ablation size and temperature rise when various concentrations from 1 to 10 mg /mL of magnetic nanoparticles are injected onto a porcine liver in 2021. The core tempereture in the nanoparticle injected phantom liver at 5 mg/mL concentration become 142 °C [18]. In the same year, Zhou et al has found out microwave ablation-induced antitumor immune responses are boosted by mannose-derived carbon dots, which capture and convey "danger signals" to dendritic cells.…”

Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticle–Assisted Radiofrequency Ablation for Improved Thermal Treatment Distribution

“…The non-metallic composition of fiber-optic sensors prevents the sensors from electromagnetic interference and corrosion [ 21 ]. Recent achievements in the field of fiber-optic sensors made it possible to implement multi-point temperature-sensing opportunities in space by integrating the sensing elements into a single optical fiber [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Two approaches utilize multiplexed sensing with a high spatial resolution that is vital in biomedical applications.…”