Investigation of the structure and phase composition of the microdroplets formed during the deposition of PVD coatings

Vereschaka, Alexey; Milovich, Filipp; Andreev, Nikolay; Sotova, Catherine; Alexandrov, Islam A.; Muranov, A. N.; Mikhailov, M. S.; Tatarkanov, Aslan A.

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128574

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The number of microdroplets on the sample surfaces increases with increased deposition time. The presence of microdroplets on the surface of the coatings formed by cathodic arc evaporation is a common phenomenon that was also observed by other authors [26][27][28]. and SEM micrographs of the surfaces of all sample types investigated are shown in SI Figures S2 and S3, respectevely.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Improvement of the Surface Properties of Polyether Ether Ketone via Arc Evaporation for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2023

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Polyether ether ketone is a bioinert polymer, that is of high interest in research and medicine as an alternative material for the replacement of bone implants made of metal. The biggest deficit of this polymer is its hydrophobic surface, which is rather unfavorable for cell adhesion and thus leads to slow osseointegration. In order to address this drawback, 3D-printed and polymer extruded polyether ether ketone disc samples that were surface-modified with titanium thin films of four different thicknesses via arc evaporation were investigated and compared with non-modified disc samples. Depending on the modification time, the thickness of the coatings ranged from 40 nm to 450 nm. The 3D-printing process does not affect the surface or bulk properties of polyether ether ketone. It turned out that the chemical composition of the coatings obtained did not depend on the type of substrate. Titanium coatings contain titanium oxide and have an amorphous structure. Microdroplets formed on the sample surfaces during treatment with an arc evaporator contain a rutile phase in their composition. Surface modification of the samples via arc evaporation resulted in an increase in the arithmetic mean roughness from 20 nm to 40 nm for the extruded samples and from 40 nm to 100 nm for the 3D-printed samples, with the mean height difference increasing from 100 nm to 250 nm and from 140 nm to 450 nm. Despite the fact that the hardness and reduced elastic modulus of the unmodified 3D-printed samples (0.33 GPa and 5.80 GPa) are higher than those of the unmodified extruded samples (0.22 GPa and 3.40 GPa), the surface properties of the samples after modification are approximately the same. The water contact angles of the polyether ether ketone sample surfaces decrease from 70° to 10° for the extruded samples and from 80° to 6° for the 3D-printed samples as the thickness of the titanium coating increases, making this type of coating promising for biomedical applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Improvement of the Surface Properties of Polyether Ether Ketone via Arc Evaporation for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2023

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“…The coatings were deposited using an upgraded VIT-2 vacuum plasma unit [66][67][68][69][70], (IDTI RAS-MSTU STANKIN, Moscow, Russia). This unit uses a combination of filtered vacuum cathode deposition (FCVAD) [71][72][73][74][75][76] and controlled accelerated arc deposition (CAA-PVD) technologies [77,78]. Cathodes of Cr (99.9%), Mo (99.8%), Zr (99.8%), and Ti (99.6%) were used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of the Cr-CrN, Ti-TiN, Zr-ZrN, and Mo-MoN Coatings

Zhylinski

Vereschaka

et al. 2023

Coatings

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In this work, the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Cr-CrN, Ti-TiN, Zr-ZrN, and Mo-MoN coatings deposited by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method on Ti-6Al-4V alloy were compared. The phase composition of the coatings, their hardness and fracture resistance in scratch tests were determined, and their structural characteristics were also studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The diffraction spectra were made using an automatic X-ray diffractometer. The value of the adhesive component of the friction coefficient fadh of the pair “coated and uncoated Ti-6Al-4V alloy” was investigated in the temperature range of 20–900 °C. The lowest value of fadh was detected for the Zr-ZrN coating at temperatures below 400 °C, while for the Mo-MoN coating it was observed at temperatures above 700 °C. The polarization curves of the coated and uncoated samples were performed in a 3% aqueous NaCl solution. The level of corrosion of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy samples with Cr-CrN, Ti-TiN, Zr-ZrN, and Mo-MoN coatings was evaluated using the Tafel extrapolation method, the iteration method, and the polarization resistance method. The results obtained with these methods indicate that the Zr-ZrN coated sample has the best corrosion resistance in the 3 wt.% NaCl solution, with a corrosion current density of 0.123 μA/cm2.

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“…Although, in recent times, modifications incorporating a magnetic field have been made to the traditional systems, making it easy to control the arcs during coating deposition, only a few are commercially available [46]. Nonetheless, the main contemporary drawback associated with CAE-PVD coatings is the formation of a significant amount of macroparticles (MPs) and craters during the deposition process [47,48]. These defects have been reported to have a detrimental effect on the coating quality and service performance [49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Cathodic Arc Evaporation Physical Vapour Deposition (CAE-PVD) Coatings for Enhanced Tribological Performance

Muhammed,

Javidani,

Ebrahimi Sadrabadi

et al. 2024

Coatings

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In the realm of industries focused on tribology, such as the machining industry, among others, the primary objective has been tribological performance enhancement, given its substantial impact on production cost. Amid the variety of tribological enhancement techniques, cathodic arc evaporation physical vapour deposition (CAE-PVD) coatings have emerged as a promising solution offering both tribological performance enhancement and cost-effectiveness. This review article aims to systematically present the subject of CAE-PVD coatings in light of the tribological performance enhancement. It commences with a comprehensive discussion on substrate preparation, emphasizing the significant effect of substrate roughness on the coating properties and the ensuing tribological performance. The literature analysis conducted revealed that optimum tribological performance could be achieved with an average roughness (Ra) of 0.1 µm. Subsequently, the article explores the CAE-PVD process and the coating’s microstructural evolution with emphasis on advances in macroparticles (MPs) formation and reduction. Further discussions are provided on the characterization of the coatings’ microstructural, mechanical, electrochemical and tribological properties. Most importantly, crucial analytical discussions highlighting the impact of deposition parameters namely: arc current, temperature and substrate bias on the coating properties are also provided. The examination of the analyzed literature revealed that the optimum tribological performance can be attained with a 70 to 100 A arc current, a substrate bias ranging from −100 to −200 V and a deposition temperature exceeding 300 °C. The article further explores advancements in coating doping, monolayer and multilayer coating architectures of CAE-PVD coatings. Finally, invaluable recommendations for future exploration by prospective researchers to further enrich the field of study are also provided.

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Investigation of the structure and phase composition of the microdroplets formed during the deposition of PVD coatings

Cited by 10 publications

References 62 publications

Improvement of the Surface Properties of Polyether Ether Ketone via Arc Evaporation for Biomedical Applications

Improvement of the Surface Properties of Polyether Ether Ketone via Arc Evaporation for Biomedical Applications

Comparison of the Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of the Cr-CrN, Ti-TiN, Zr-ZrN, and Mo-MoN Coatings

A Comprehensive Review of Cathodic Arc Evaporation Physical Vapour Deposition (CAE-PVD) Coatings for Enhanced Tribological Performance

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