Investigation of the Role of Training Health Volunteers in Promoting Pap Smear Test Use among Iranian Women Based on the Protection Motivation Theory

Ghahremani, Leila; Harami, Zahra Khiyali; Kaveh, Mohammad Hossein; Keshavarzi, Sareh

doi:10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.3.1157

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…At the end of the screening process, 15 peer-reviewed studies remained for inclusion in the final review, of which one originated from snowball sampling, and one from the grey literature 5 22–35…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of community health workers in cervical cancer screening in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review of the literature

O’Donovan

Nagraj

2019

BMJ Glob Health

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IntroductionCommunity-based screening for cervical cancer and task sharing to community health workers (CHWs) have been suggested as a potential way to increase screening coverage in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aims of the scoping review were to understand the following: (i) where and how CHWs are currently deployed in screening in LMIC settings; (ii) the methods used to train and support CHWs in screening, and (iii) The evidence on the cost-effectiveness of using CHWs to assist in screening.MethodsA scoping literature search of 11 major databases and the grey literature was performed between 1978 and 2018. We included comprehensive search terms for ‘CHWs’ and ‘Cervical Cancer’, and used the World Bank criteria to define LMICs.ResultsOf the 420 articles screened, 15 met the inclusion criteria for review. Studies were located in Africa (n=5), Asia (n=5), and South and Central America (n=5). CHWs played a role in community education and raising awareness (n=14), conducting or assisting in cervical screening (n=5), or follow-up (n=1). 11 studies described CHW training activities. Only one study provided a formal cost analysis.ConclusionThe roles of CHWs in cervical cancer screening in LMICs have largely to date focused on education, outreach, and awareness programmes. Community-based approaches to cervical cancer screening are feasible, although the sociocultural context plays an important role in the acceptability of these interventions. Further in-depth contextually grounded studies exploring the acceptability of such interventions are required, as well as studies exploring the cost-effectiveness of involving CHWs in cervical cancer screening activities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different modalities of screening were used across the 15 studies. Pap smears were the most common modality offered (n=6),5 24–27 34 followed by dual or mixed screening modalities (using a combination of Pap smears, VIA or HPV-DNA) (n=5),23 29 32 33 35 HPV-DNA sampling only (n=3),22 30 31 and VIA only (n=1) 28…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of community health workers in cervical cancer screening in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review of the literature

O’Donovan

Nagraj

2019

BMJ Glob Health

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“…Also 47% of all the refugees in the world and 50% of asylum seekers and displaced people are women and girls and 44% refugees and asylum seekers are children under the age of of the reasons for behavior change (15). In fact, there exists an underlying structure for better performance (16).…”

Section: Mortalities and Morbiditiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Promoting Behaviors and Self-efficacy of Physical Activity During Pregnancy: An Interventional Study

Ghahremani¹,

Alipoor²,

Amoee³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Women’s Health and Reproduction Scienc

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Maintaining a health-promoting lifestyle is defined as controlling certain behaviors and selecting appropriate behaviors in the daily life for one's own health (1). Healthpromotion behavior is a multifaceted model of perception, self-initiated action or practice (2). It is a response to World Health Organization's (WHO's) goal of "health for all" (3). According to Pender, health promoting lifestyle behaviors include nutrition, exercise, stress management, health responsibility, spiritual improvement, and interpersonal relations (4). During pregnancy, health-promoting lifestyle leads to a reduction in risk factors and an improvement of infant's health (3). Nowadays, the mortality of pregnant women is one of the key indices of health in all countries. This has both direct and indirect impacts on pregnancy outcomes. The health of pregnant women-as a vulnerable groupis of particular importance in the healthcare systems (5). In fact, a large number of physiological, psychological, and social changes occur during pregnancy. The mother's adjustment to these changes is highly important (6). Rubin stated that it is necessary for pregnant women to acquire 4 maternal duties, the most important of which is seeking for safety. Therefore, the following health-promoting behaviors are essential for giving birth to a healthy infant (2). Although a great body of evidence exists in respect of the benefits of health promoting behaviors, getting people to adopt a healthy lifestyle is challenging (7). Unfortunately, many women are against the application of healthy behaviors during pregnancy. For example there is a decrease in the level of physical activity as pregnancy progresses (8). Physical activity on pregnancy has many positive effects on the health of the mother and foetus (9). These include better health-related quality of life (10), reduction of stress and depressive symptoms (11), less delivery pain, lower rate of cesarean delivery, lower risk of obesity, selfefficacy, and better body image (12). Overall, pregnant women faced the challenge of continuing physical activity during pregnancy (13). Self-efficacy has been defined as an individual's perceived belief in having the ability to benefit from one's personal sources of motivation and organization and acts to reach a specific goal (14). Self-efficacy is a strong predictor of health behaviors, and also initiation and maintenance of exercise during pregnancy (13). Bandura indicated that theory of self-efficacy provides a convincing explanation

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“…Studies from Iran, Kenya and Nigeria have reported health education interventions and behavior change frameworks that provide an effective base for cervical cancer prevention [23,[27][28][29]. The COBIN-C study is the rst investigation of a community-based intervention to increase cervical cancer screening uptake in Nepal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-based Intervention for Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake in a Semi-urban Area of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal (Cobin-c): Study Protocol for a Cluster-randomized Controlled Trial

Shrestha

Neupane

Ghimire³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background:Previous studies suggest that health intervention designed to increase cervical cancer screening has been effective to reduce cervical cancer incidence and mortality.The aim of this study is to determine the effect of a home-based health education intervention for increasing cervical cancer screening uptake delivered by trained Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs), a category of community health worker in Nepal. Methods:A community-based, open-label, two-armed, cluster-randomized trial [seven clusters (geographical wards) randomized for the intervention, and seven for the control arm]. The participants are recruited from a population-basedsurvey with a sample size of 884. Based on population proportionsize, 277women will be recruited for the intervention group and 413 women recruited for the control group.A 12-month community-based health education intervention will be administered mobilizing the FCHVs, based on the Health Belief Model. The primary outcomemeasure of the study will be the difference in percentage of cervical cancer screening uptake between the two study arms.The primary outcomes will be modelled by using mixed-effect logistic regression analysis.Discussion: COBIN-C is the first study investigating the effect of a community-based health education intervention by FCHVs on increasing cervical cancer screening uptake among women in Nepal. The purposeof this study is to develop and implement a home-based, culturally sensitive program to increase cervical cancer screening coverage at the community level.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.govNCT03808064. Registered on January 14, 2019. (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03808064).

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Investigation of the Role of Training Health Volunteers in Promoting Pap Smear Test Use among Iranian Women Based on the Protection Motivation Theory

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

The role of community health workers in cervical cancer screening in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review of the literature

The role of community health workers in cervical cancer screening in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review of the literature

Health Promoting Behaviors and Self-efficacy of Physical Activity During Pregnancy: An Interventional Study

Community-based Intervention for Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake in a Semi-urban Area of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal (Cobin-c): Study Protocol for a Cluster-randomized Controlled Trial

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