Investigation of the relationship between runoff and atmospheric oscillations, sea surface temperature, and local‐scale climate variables in theYellow Riverheadwaters region

Abstract

The Yellow River headwaters region (YRHR) contributes nearly 40% of total flow in the Yellow River basin, which is suffering from a serious water shortage problem. Investigation of the relationship between runoff and climate variables is important for understanding the variation trend of runoff in the YRHR under global climate change. Global and local climate variables, including the West Pacific subtropical high; northern hemisphere polar vortex (NH); Tibetan Plateau Index B (TPI‐B); southern oscillation index; sea surface temperature; and precipitation, evaporation, and temperature, were fully considered to explore the relationship with runoff at Jimai, Maqu, and Tangnaihai stations from 1956 to 2014. The results reveal that runoff had a decreasing trend, which will likely be maintained in the future, and there was a significant change in runoff around 1995 at all stations. Correlation analysis indicated that runoff was dominated by precipitation, NH, temperature, and TPI‐B, and a substantial correlation was observed with sea surface temperature and evaporation, but there was little correlation with West Pacific subtropical high and southern oscillation index. Furthermore, impacts of climate change on runoff variations were distinctly different at different temporal scales. Three dominant runoff periodicities were identified by a singular spectrum analysis‐multitaper method and continuous wavelet transform, that is, 1.0‐, 6.9‐, and 24.8‐year runoff periodicities. In addition, runoff was positively correlated with temperature at a 1‐year periodicity, negatively correlated with TPI‐B at a 6.9‐year periodicity, and positively correlated with NH at a 24.8‐year periodicity, that is, temperature, TPI‐B, and NH‐controlled runoff at annual, interannual, and interdecadal scales. Further, all analyses of the stations in the YRHR showed excellent consistency. The results will provide valuable information for water resource management in the YRHR.

Daily Streamflow Prediction for Khazir River Basin Using ARIMA and ANN Models

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The effect of high altitude on ephedrine content and metabolic variations in two species of Ephedra

“…Even for plants in different locations in the same region, there are differences of soil moisture and temperature ( Minami et al., 2021 ). In addition, Tibet’s water reserves are also affected by global warming, and water resources are becoming more abundant ( Chu et al., 2018 ; Fu et al., 2019 ). The shifts in temperature and soil moisture cause the same plant to produce divergent metabolism ( Xiao et al., 2014 ).…”

Large-scale circulation dominated precipitation variation and its effect on potential water availability across the Tibetan Plateau

“…TP's runoff is double influenced by large-scale atmospheric circulations and local climate variables (Chu et al 2018). Based on the significantly positive correlation between precipitation and runoff, we examine the influence of ISM characteristics on potential water availability, mirrored in the runoff (Wang et al 2021b).…”