Investigation of the relationship between plantar pressure behaviour and plantar surface sensitivity in children with idiopathic toe walking

Onerge, K.; Sert, R.; Akalan, N.E.; Bilgili, Fuat

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.08.018

Cited by 2 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Eight articles investigated tactile sensation empirically, with six different outcome measures included 9,10,12,21,30,31,33,35 . Two articles used the same participant data 12,30 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In research not included in the meta‐analysis, authors narratively described VPT differences between groups 12,31 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other articles not included in the meta-analysis used different participant inclusion criteria meaning children with toe walking and autism were grouped with the ITW cohort 35 or did not provide data in a mean (SD) format. 12,30,31 Metaanalysis of these studies with 90 children provided low-level evidence that there was a difference in vibration perception thresholds between children with ITW and typically developing children (mean difference = −0.41, 95% Confidence Interval = −1.19 to 0.37, I 2 = 97%) (Figure 3). An additional paper reported vibrational thresholds at the medial and lateral malleolus to be higher in children with ITW (mean = 0.34 μm, SD = 0.31 μm) than in typically developing (TD) children (mean 0.40 μm, SD = 0.78 μm), however, due to the method of collection and different body location, this was not included in the meta-analysis.…”

Section: Proprioception and Touchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 In research not included in the meta-analysis, authors narratively described VPT differences between groups. 12,31 Two articles described the results using the Sensory Integration and Praxis Test (SIPT) to assess tactile sensation. Differences were noted between groups, however, were non-significant for the finger identification subtest (ITW mean = 8.67, SD = 3.21 vs. TD mean = 10.17, SD = 2.94), local tactile stimulation identification from touch distance (mm) (ITW Mean = 20.07, SD = 7.24 vs. TD mean = 18.33, SD = 5.46) and graphesthesia accuracy score (ITW mean = 12.03, SD = 5.51 vs. TD mean = 13.47, SD = 4.69).…”

Section: Proprioception and Touchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Eight articles investigated tactile sensation empirically, with six different outcome measures included. 9,10,12,21,30,31,33,35 Two articles used the same participant data. 12,30 Of the eight articles, six reported vibration perception threshold (VPT) results, 10,12,21,31,35 with two containing sufficient data for synthesis using meta-analysis (Figure 3).…”

Section: Proprioception and Touchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Some children with idiopathic toe walking display sensory processing difficulties but not all: A systematic review

et al. 2023

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Aim: Idiopathic toe walking (ITW) is a diagnosis for children who toe walk without another diagnosis known to cause toe walking. Recent research has suggested that children with ITW may have mild motor planning challenges and sensory processing differences. The primary aim of this systematic review was to determine whether children diagnosed with ITW have differences in their sensory processing compared to typically developing children. Secondary aims included determining how sensory processing was assessed in this population and documenting the broad clinometric and psychometric properties of any assessment tools.Methods: MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED and Embase were searched for relevant literature in English. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they described children aged 3 and 18 with idiopathic toe walking and reported a sensory processing domain.Results: Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria; however, only two papers included data permitting meta-analysis. Meta-analyses of vibration perception threshold using a random effect model were not significant (p = 0.31). Other data were synthesised by narrative and showed a high heterogeneity across multiple sensory processing domains. Conclusion:This study highlights that despite children with ITW often conceptualised as possessing sensory processing challenges, there is little evidence supporting this theory. Further research on sensory processing in children with this gait pattern is necessary.

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“…Eight articles investigated tactile sensation empirically, with six different outcome measures included 9,10,12,21,30,31,33,35 . Two articles used the same participant data 12,30 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In research not included in the meta‐analysis, authors narratively described VPT differences between groups 12,31 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proprioception and Touchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proprioception and Touchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proprioception and Touchmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Some children with idiopathic toe walking display sensory processing difficulties but not all: A systematic review

et al. 2023

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Two-point discrimination responses in children with idiopathic toe walking: A feasibility fMRI study

Donne

Farrell²,

Kolic

et al. 2022

Science Progress

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Idiopathic toe walking (ITW) is a diagnosis given to children who walk with an absence or limitation of heel strike in the contact phase of the gait cycle, that are otherwise typically developing. There is emerging evidence that this gait pattern may occur in children who experience tactile sensory processing challenges. This feasibility study aimed to determine if children were able to respond to a sensory stimulus during a fMRI. Children aged between 8–16 years of age, with and without idiopathic toe walking were recruited from general public advertising. Participants were required to perform a two-point discrimination test (task block) and press a button without being tested (control block) during an fMRI using a standard block design. Activation differences were examined in the left frontal pole, left supramarginal gyrus, left parahippocampal gyrus, left paracingulate gyrus and the right superior temporal. Five children were in the typically developing (TD) group and three were in the ITW group. There were between-group activation differences in the decision-making block compared to the control block in the left frontal lobe, parahippocampal gyrus and the right superior temporal gyrus. There was greater variation in activation in the left supramarginal gyrus and the left paracingulate gyrus in the ITW group compared to the typically developing group. Based on this study a future sample size of 15 children per group will be required to detect an adequate effect across chosen regions of interest Conducting fMRI using two-point discrimination testing on this population is feasible. Further research is required with larger population sizes to determine if brain activation patterns during the sensory input decision-making process are different in this population.

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Investigation of the relationship between plantar pressure behaviour and plantar surface sensitivity in children with idiopathic toe walking

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Some children with idiopathic toe walking display sensory processing difficulties but not all: A systematic review

Some children with idiopathic toe walking display sensory processing difficulties but not all: A systematic review

Two-point discrimination responses in children with idiopathic toe walking: A feasibility fMRI study

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