Investigation of the reaction between a soy-based protein model compound and formaldehyde

Liang, Jiankun; Wu, Zhigang; Xi, Xuedong; Lei, Hong; Zhang, Bengang; Du, Guanben

doi:10.1007/s00226-019-01118-8

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Soy-based wood adhesives have many advantages such as low cost, easy handling and low pressing temperature [ 1 ]. Recently, researchers have done a considerable amount of work using different methods and adding different chemicals to soybean flour and soybean protein cross-linking as bio-based wood adhesive for wood-based composites [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Tannins as New Cross-Linking Materials for Soy-Based Adhesives

et al. 2021

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Human health problems and formaldehyde emission from wood-based composites are some of the major drawbacks of the traditional synthetic adhesives such as urea formaldehyde resins. There have been many attempts to decrease formaldehyde emission and replace urea formaldehyde resins with bio-based adhesives for wood-based composites. Because of some weakness in soy-based adhesive, chemicals have been used as modifiers. Modified soy-based adhesives without any formaldehyde have been successfully used to prepare wood panels. To achieve this, different synthetic cross-linking chemicals such as phenol formaldehyde resins and polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin were used. However, in reality, what we need are totally green adhesives that use natural materials. In our previous research work, the use of tannins in combination with soy-based adhesives to make wood composites was investigated. Thus, in this research work, the feasibility of using three types of natural tannins (quebracho, mimosa and chestnut tannins) as cross-linking materials for soy adhesive was studied. The chemical bond formation and adhesion behaviors of tannin-modified soy adhesives were also investigated by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-ToF-MS) and thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA). The results showed that at ambient temperature, both ionic and covalent bonds formed between tannin constituents and amino acids; however, at higher temperature, covalent bonds are largely predominate. Based on the results obtained from the thermo-mechanical analysis, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of soy adhesive is increased by adding tannins to its formulation. In addition, the chemical bond formation was proved by MALDI-ToF-MS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Tannins as New Cross-Linking Materials for Soy-Based Adhesives

et al. 2021

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“…In addition to disulfide bond crosslinking, soybean meal protein also has –NH 2 , –OH, and –SH groups which are easy to crosslink. Soybean meal protein can crosslink with reducing agent formaldehyde to form methylene bond, and the amino group of its protein molecule can also connect with formaldehyde to react which reduces the amount of formaldehyde emission from plywood 41,42 . The reaction mechanism of protein and formaldehyde as shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soybean meal protein can crosslink with reducing agent formaldehyde to form methylene bond, and the amino group of its protein molecule can also connect with formaldehyde to react which reduces the amount of formaldehyde emission from plywood. 41,42 The reaction mechanism of protein and formaldehyde as shown in Figure 2. Nevertheless, excessive soybean meal will compete with urea for the active sites of formaldehyde, which will affect the addition reaction between formaldehyde and urea and ultimately result in a higher formaldehyde emission level of SMUF than UF.…”

Section: Effect Of Soybean Meal Addition Amount On the Properties Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal degradation kinetics of high‐performance urea‐formaldehyde resin prepared by replacing partial urea with soybean processing residue

He,

Guo,

Zhao

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, soybean meal was applied to replace partial urea to prepare high‐performance urea‐formaldehyde resin (SMUF). The optimum addition amount of soybean meal was screened by the basic properties of resin, the bonding strength and formaldehyde emission of the board. The activation energy (Ea) and reaction kinetics at different conversion rates were estimated by Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods. The results showed that when 5 wt% soybean meal was used to replace urea, the formaldehyde emission of plywood decreased by 19.23% and the bonding strength increased by 36.29%, which were 0.84 mg L−1 and 1.69 MPa, respectively. Meanwhile, the thermal stability of Urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resin is improved. The thermal degradation Ea of SMUF is higher than that of UF, the reaction kinetic equation of both UF and SMUF are G(α) = [−ln (1 − α)]2. It is feasible to replace partial urea with soybean meal. When the addition level of soybean meal is 5 wt%, SMUF has better comprehensive performance. When the addition level of soybean meal is 10–20 wt%, the bonding strength of plywood is higher than that of UF, but the formaldehyde emission is higher. How to reduce the formaldehyde emission will be the direction of future research.

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“…However, this resin contains harmful substances, such as phenol and formaldehyde, which can cause a serious harm to human health. Recently, plenty of bio-sourced raw materials from forests and agriculture, such as tannin (Raknes 1997, Moubarik et al 2010, lignocellulosics ) and soy-based protein (Liang et al 2019, Nicolao et al 2022) became widely used to substitute PF resin. The replacements are decided, given the low toxicity and renewability of such materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formaldehyde free tannin-based adhesive with epoxy as hardener for plywood

Liu

Zhou

Essawy

et al. 2022

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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A renewable tannin-based resin adhesive with enhanced bonding strength, good water resistance and long storage life has been prepared based on tannin, furfural and furfuryl alcohol coming from forest and agricultural products. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that furfuryl alcohol and furfural can react with tannin under acidic conditions, with the involvement of -CH2-O-groups in the cross-linking of tannin-furfuryl alcohol-furfural resin (TFF) adhesive. The gel time of TFF was longer than that of tannin-furfural resin (TF), while the shear strength of TFF-bonded plywood suggested that the cured TFF adhesive acquired a performance superior to that of tannin (T) and TF adhesives. Furthermore, water resistance of TFF adhesive could be further enhanced with respect to T and TF adhesives through crosslinking with 3 % epoxy resin (EPR).

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Investigation of the reaction between a soy-based protein model compound and formaldehyde

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Natural Tannins as New Cross-Linking Materials for Soy-Based Adhesives

Natural Tannins as New Cross-Linking Materials for Soy-Based Adhesives

Thermal degradation kinetics of high‐performance urea‐formaldehyde resin prepared by replacing partial urea with soybean processing residue

Formaldehyde free tannin-based adhesive with epoxy as hardener for plywood

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