Investigation of the prevalence of Cognitive Impairment and its risk factors within the elderly population in Shanghai, China

Abstract

To investigate the prevalence of cognitive impairment and its risk factors among Chinese elders aged over 80 years, a community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2016 in Shanghai, China. Cognitive function was measured by using Mini-Mental Status Examination. Multiple logistic regression assessed associations between risk factors and cognitive impairment. Of 480 participants, 30% were diagnosed with cognitive impairment. Women [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–2.83], solitary life (AOR: 3.15, 1.89–5.26), monthly income less than 2000 Chinese yuan (AOR: 3.47, 1.18–10.23) were significantly associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment, compared with men, non-solitary life, and monthly income greater than 4000 Chinese yuan, respectively. Overweight (AOR: 0.59, 0.36–0.97), being physically active at least 60 minutes per day (AOR: 0.59, 0.35–0.95), antihypertensive drugs users (AOR: 0.45, 0.28–0.72), and lipid lowering drugs users (AOR: 0.21, 0.06–0.76) significantly lowered the risk of cognitive impairment, compared with normal weight, inadequate outdoor activity, and non-medication users, respectively. Accordingly, this study found that women, solitary life, lower income was associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment, while overweight, being physically active, and antihypertensive and lipid lowering drugs usage might lower the risk.

Prevalence of cognitive dysfunction, psychological morbidity and abuse in the community-based elderly population in India

“…In a study carried out in Shanghai, an elderly sample (n=480) over 80 years of age for a period of 2 months using MMSE reported cognitive impairment of 30%, a finding similar to our study. 24 In the present study, psychological morbidity was 42.8% in the age range of 60-69 years. In the same age range, Tiwari and Srivastava, 1 Prasad et al 25 and Nandi et al 26 reported morbidity of 59.7%, 74% and 87.6%, respectively.…”

“…There is also the need to provide separate laws to deal with problems of elder abuse as had been in force for child abuse. 24…”

“…The sum of scores of these three parameters gives the level of socioeconomic status. Three levels of socioeconomic status with the following scores were considered, namely, upper (26)(27)(28)(29), middle (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) and lower (< 5-10) socioeconomic levels. A modified version of the Kuppuswamy Scale was used, in which the family income scale scores specifically for the Indian population were revised.…”

In VivoCognitive-Enhancing,Ex VivoMalondialdehyde-Lowering Activities and Phytochemical Profiles of Aqueous and Methanolic Stem Bark Extracts ofPiliostigma thonningii(Schum.)

“…There is often a lack of awareness and understanding of cognitive disorders, resulting in stigmatization and barriers to diagnosis, treatment, and management. The impact of cognitive impairment on caregivers, family, and society in general can be physical and psychological [4].…”

“…Treatment of randomized mice for in vivo cognitive-enhancing activities.All the administered drugs were prepared in normal saline (0.9% NaCl). Extract: aqueous/methanolic stem bark extracts of P. thonningii; p.o: oral administration; i.p: intraperitoneal administration 4. International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease tubes and then allowed to cool.…”