Investigation of the porous structure of activated carbons prepared by pyrolysis of agricultural by-products in a stream of water vapor

Preparation and characterization of activated carbons by one-step steam pyrolysis/activation from apricot stones

“…Depending on their availability, coal and some agricultural by-products, such as nutshells and fruit stones are widely used for activated carbon production [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Due to their abundant supply lignocellulosic or agricultural waste products became highly attractive raw materials in activated carbon production compared to coal-based feedstock.…”

“…In the one-step activation process, pyrolysis and activation were carried out simultaneously in the presence of steam [9]. The one-step steam pyrolysis and activation process has been used to prepare activated carbons from the lignocellulosic materials such as apricot and cherry stones or almond, walnut and coconut shells, and grape seeds [1,9,10]. In this study, activated carbons were prepared from apricot stones by using the one-step steam activation method.…”

“…Therefore, it is important to evaluate apricot stones, as an activated carbon resource and as a local raw material in Turkey. Furthermore, apricot stones were also proved to be an excellent precursor for the production of activated carbons [1]. In view of that, the operating variables, activation time and temperature, and raw material particle size range were determined.…”

“…Although, in the literature there are a number of studies on the physical and chemical characterization of apricot stones [1,[9][10][11] as activated carbons, there is no research on the stones and their carbons due to their raw material preparation. The abundant production of apricot stones in Malatya/Turkey, make these stones versatile lignocellulosic activated carbon precursors for Turkey, however, the number of techniques used in the preparation of the precursors lead to a different approach in the scientific investigation of their properties as activated carbons.…”

Sorption Properties of Carbon Composite Materials Formed from Layered Clay Minerals

“…We propose that water released as a result of the dehydroxylation of pillars during the carbonization process created a micropore structure within the carbonaceous deposit. Such an effect would be similar to the heat treatment of activated carbons in steam, which is known to increase their microporosity (Gergova et al, 1992). …”