Investigation of the physical properties of tetanus toxoids

Fj, Joubert; Jf, Largier

doi:10.1016/0006-3002(56)90313-4

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The following M.L.D. values per milligram indicate approximately 90% variation in the values obtained: 6•6 X 10 7 (Pillemer et al 1948); 10 X 107 (Largier and Joubert 1956); 3• 3-20 X lO7 (Turpin, Raynaud, and Pery 1959); 3-20 X lO7 (Dawson and Mauritzen, this paper).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Pille mer et al (1948) obtained only 4•5 S material which on controlled ageing changed to 7 S material which was non-toxic. Largier and Joubert (1956) obtained a mixture of 3•9 Sand 7•6 S material for a more lethal, ostensibly pure, toxin, but possibly prepared under conditions favouring natural detoxification. Similarly, on natural detoxification only 7•6 S material was found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on Tetanus Toxin and Toxoid I. Isolation of Tetanus Toxin using Deae-Cellulose

Dawson¹,

Mauritzen²

1967

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Tetanus toxin has been extracted from culture filtrates by a single, cold methanol precipitation, followed by gradient elution on DEAE-cellulose. Immunoelectrophoretic evidence indicated that most of the bacterial protein was precipitated by the methanol. Selection of the toxin elution peak gave a product having only one immunoelectrophoresis precipitin line yet containing 50--60% of the Lf units applied to the column. The toxicity of this product was comparable to that found by other workers, using other methods of preparation. Sedimentation values of the concentrated pure toxin indicated heterogeneity in molecular aggregation and under conditions used no 4 S material could be found. Amino acid analysis of the tetanus protein is also reported.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Tetanus Toxin and Toxoid I. Isolation of Tetanus Toxin using Deae-Cellulose

Dawson¹,

Mauritzen²

1967

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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“…In addition, formaldehyde is an excellent cross-linking reagent, forming intra-and interchain methylene cross-linkages (9). The cross-linking reaction could explain the different values reported for the size of the tetanus toxoid molecule (1)(2)(3)8). Crosslinking between toxin molecules or between toxin and other proteins in impure preparations could influence the size, distribution, and purity of the toxin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Tetanus Toxin and Antigenic Derivatives II. Effect of Protein and Formaldehyde Concentration on Toxoid Formation

Murphy

1967

J Bacteriol

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Tetanus toxoid formation was examined under varying conditions. Products of the reaction depended upon the concentration of both formaldehyde and toxin. High concentrations of protein and formaldehyde favored the formation of large polymers, whereas low concentrations yielded smaller polymers and monomer. The monomer had an observed S value of 7.1, whereas the polymers ranged from lOWS to llOS. The cross-linking between toxin molecules to form toxoid polymers appeared to be random.

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“…This aggregate may then depolymerize spontaneously to 7S units or be induced to do so by the action of salt, methanol, or other precipitating agents. Because of its extreme instability, the 3.9 to 4.5S fragment found by Largier and Joubert (13) and Pillemer et al (24) is probably formed in vitro only under certain circumstances, although its possible action in a living system cannot be ruled out. The existence of this small active fragment does indicate that there is a toxic site and possibly an antigenic site on every subunit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Amino Acid Analysis and Molecular Weight Determination of Tetanus Toxin

Holmes¹,

Ryan²

1971

Infect Immun

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A procedure for the isolation of tetanus toxin was developed. The toxin was precipitated with ammonium sulfate and further purified by use of molecular sieve chromatography and preparative disc gel electrophoresis. The degree of purification resulting from these fractionation procedures was monitored by analytical poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunodiffusion, and immunoelectrophoresis, all three of which demonstrated a single component. There was a 50-fold increase in specific activity between the crude culture filtrate and the final purified product, which had an average specific activity of 300 × 10 6 mouse minimal lethal doses per mg of N. A molecular weight of 140,000 was estimated by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-200. A complete amino acid analysis of tetanus toxin is presented.

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Investigation of the physical properties of tetanus toxoids

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Studies on Tetanus Toxin and Toxoid I. Isolation of Tetanus Toxin using Deae-Cellulose

Studies on Tetanus Toxin and Toxoid I. Isolation of Tetanus Toxin using Deae-Cellulose

Tetanus Toxin and Antigenic Derivatives II. Effect of Protein and Formaldehyde Concentration on Toxoid Formation

Amino Acid Analysis and Molecular Weight Determination of Tetanus Toxin

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