Investigation of the mechanical properties and porosity relationships in selective laser-sintered polyhedral for functionally graded scaffolds

Sudarmadji, N.; Tan, Jiajun; Leong, Kah Fai; Chua, Chee Kai; Loh, Yan-Chuan

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2010.09.024

Cited by 189 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In recent years, additively manufactured gradient structures for tissue engineering have been studied [37][38][39]41,44,64,65]; however these studies either focused on the mechanical properties or biological response independently. In this work, the biological and mechanical responses were assessed simultaneously allowing us to study the overall impact of the designed geometry of the scaffolds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds

Onal

Frith

Jurg

et al. 2018

Metals

122

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Abstract:Functionally graded lattice structures produced by additive manufacturing are promising for bone tissue engineering. Spatial variations in their porosity are reported to vary the stiffness and make it comparable to cortical or trabecular bone. However, the interplay between the mechanical properties and biological response of functionally graded lattices is less clear. Here we show that by designing continuous gradient structures and studying their mechanical and biological properties simultaneously, orthopedic implant design can be improved and guidelines can be established. Our continuous gradient structures were generated by gradually changing the strut diameter of a body centered cubic (BCC) unit cell. This approach enables a smooth transition between unit cell layers and minimizes the effect of stress discontinuity within the scaffold. Scaffolds were fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) and underwent mechanical and in vitro biological testing. Our results indicate that optimal gradient structures should possess small pores in their core (~900 µm) to increase their mechanical strength whilst large pores (~1100 µm) should be utilized in their outer surface to enhance cell penetration and proliferation. We suggest this approach could be widely used in the design of orthopedic implants to maximize both the mechanical and biological properties of the implant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds

Onal

Frith

Jurg

et al. 2018

Metals

122

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show abstract

“…Biomimetic scaffolds with similar microarchitectures, mechanical and biological properties as native tissue are of significant interest. Some groups established libraries for scaffold or unit cell designs which can be used to build scaffolds with certain mechanical and physical properties to satisfy the needs of the implantation site [2,[9][10][11][12]. Limitations of conventional fabrication techniques in producing the desired scaffold design can be overcome by Rapid Manufacturing (RM) techniques, which allow the manufacturing of complex 3D shapes with various pore designs from CAD files [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biomaterials considered for tissue engineering scaffold fabricated via SLS include polycaprolactone (PCL) [12,[19][20][21][22][23][24], polyetheretherketone (PEEK) [17], polylactide acid (PLA) [25] and poly(lacticco-glycolide) (PLG) [26]. As these materials may not stimulate sufficient bone ingrowth on their own, bioactive components can be added to enhance bone ingrowth, cell attachment, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication, mechanical and in vivo performance of polycaprolactone/tricalcium phosphate composite scaffolds

et al. 2012

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In this paper, the use of the Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) process for the generation of bone tissue engineering scaffolds from PCL and PCL/TCP is explored. Different scaffold designs are generated and are assessed from the point of view of manufacturability, porosity and mechanical performance. Large scaffold specimens are generated, with a preferred design, and are assessed through an in vivo study in a critical size bone defect in the sheep tibia with subsequent microscopic, histological and mechanical evaluation. Further explorations are performed to generate scaffolds with increasing TCP contents.Scaffold fabrication from PCL and PCL/TCP mixtures with up to 50 mass-% TCP is shown to be possible. With increasing macroporosity the stiffness of the scaffolds is seen to drop, however, the stiffness can be increased by minor geometrical changes, such as the addition of a cage around the scaffold. In the animal study the selected scaffold for implantation did not perform as well as the TCP control in terms of new bone formation and the resulting mechanical performance of the defect area. A possible cause for this is presented.

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“…Apart from FEM literature, there are plenty of studies on the experimental work in this area. As an outstanding example, Sudarmadji et al (Sudarmadji et al, 2011) fabricated polymeric tissue scaffolds with various structures as well as porosity values implementing selective laser sintering technique. They reported the stress-strain curves of the performed compression tests and showed that the stiffness of the fabricated scaffolds matched with the properties of the cancellous bone.…”

Section: Figure 1 Schematic Diagram Of the Fdm Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation of the mechanical properties of the additive manufactured bone scaffolds fabricated by FDM: the effect of layer penetration and post-heating

Naghieh¹,

Karamooz-Ravari²,

Badrossamay³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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In recent years, thanks to additive manufacturing technology, researchers have gone towards the optimization of bone scaffolds for the bone reconstruction. Bone scaffolds should have appropriate biological as well as mechanical properties in order to play a decisive role in bone healing. Since the fabrication of scaffolds is time consuming and expensive, numerical methods are often utilized to simulate their mechanical properties in order to find a nearly optimum one. Finite element analysis is one of the most common numerical methods that is used in this regard. In this paper, a parametric finite element model is developed to assess the effects of layer adhesion on the mechanical properties of bone scaffolds. To be able to validate this model, some compression test specimens as well as bone scaffolds are fabricated with biocompatible and biodegradable poly lactic acid using fused deposition modeling. All these specimens are tested in compression and their elastic modulus is obtained. Using the material parameters of the compression test specimens, the finite element analysis of the bone scaffold is performed. The obtained elastic modulus is compared with experiment indicating a good agreement. Accordingly, the proposed finite element model is able to predict the mechanical behavior of fabricated bone scaffolds accurately. In addition, the effect of post-heating of bone scaffolds on their elastic modulus is investigated. The results demonstrate that the numerically predicted elastic modulus of scaffold is closer to experimental outcomes in comparison with as-build samples.

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Investigation of the mechanical properties and porosity relationships in selective laser-sintered polyhedral for functionally graded scaffolds

Cited by 189 publications

References 24 publications

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds

Fabrication, mechanical and in vivo performance of polycaprolactone/tricalcium phosphate composite scaffolds

Numerical investigation of the mechanical properties of the additive manufactured bone scaffolds fabricated by FDM: the effect of layer penetration and post-heating

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