Investigation of the mechanical properties of electrodeposited nickel and magnetron sputtered chromium nitride coatings deposited on mild steel substrate

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

Samad

et al. 2017

Nanostructured Cr‐Zr‐N thin film with different Zr content (0 to 48.8 at.%) was deposited, using an RF magnetron‐sputtering technique. The structural evolution and morphological changes were performed. The tribological performances were evaluated, using a ball‐on‐disk type Oscillating tribometer. The tests were carried out under normal loads of 2, 4 and 6 N, respectively, with an alumina ball (Al2O3) as a counter face. The results showed that the crystallite size of the Cr‐Zr‐N system was reduced to 10.8 nm at 31.8 at.% Zr content. Morphological studies of the films showed that the roughness continuously decreased with increasing Zr content, exhibiting a value of 11.2 nm at 31.8 at.% Zr. The wear rate tends to decrease with the increasing of Zr content to reach a lowest value of 1.95 × 10‐2 μm3.N.μm‐1 at 31.8 at.% Zr. The wear rate and friction coefficient were lower in the samples with 31.8 at.% Zr content. The improved friction and wear resistance were attributed to the grain refinement strengthening mechanism at 31.8 at.% of Zr.

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Effect Of Zr Content On Xps Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Zr content on friction and wear behavior of Cr‐Zr‐N coating system

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

Samad

et al. 2017

“…Hardness and Young modulus of CrN and ZrN coatings are about H CrN = 19.53 GPa, E CrN = 287.91 GPa and H ZrN 20.00 GPa, E ZrN = 270.00 GPa, respectively [3,11]. In the case of Cr-Zr-N systems (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29) at.-% Zr), with strong mixture of CrN and ZrN, the hardness and Young modulus increased, to reach the highest values of 26.00 and 304.00 GPa at 29 at.-% Zr which are attributed to the formation of a nanocomposite structure, crystallite size refinement, formation of strengthening solid solution and an increase in the residual stresses [11,16,27]. According to the XPS analysis, the peak shifting of Cr2p binding energy states suggests that the bonding character changed from Cr-N to Cr-Cr bonds due to the charge transfer from nitrogen to Cr atoms as a function of Zr content and the increase of Zr-N bonds where it's harder than Cr-N [11].…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Structural and mechanical properties of Cr–Zr–N coatings with different Zr content

Nouveau

et al. 2017

Surface Engineering

Cr-Zr-N films have been synthesised using R.F reactive magnetron sputtering system on Si (100) wafer and XC100 steel substrate without heating. The structural, mechanical and friction coefficient evolution as a function of the Zr content were investigated by XRD, (EDS, WDS), WPS, XPS, SEM, AFM, nanoindentation, Scratch adhesion and pin-on-disc sliding wear tests. The results show, that, with increasing Zr content, the film structure changed with the coexistence of (Cr-N, Zr-N) crystallographic orientation mixture. The films formed a (Cr, Zr) N solid solution where Zr atoms substitute Cr atoms. CrN lattice parameter increased from 4.17 to 4.32 Å with the crystallite size refinement. The mechanical parameters (H, σ, E, H/E and H 3 / E 2 ) were significantly improved in comparison to binary films, especially at 29 at.-% Zr. The friction and wear behaviour of the Cr-Zr (29 at.-% Zr)-N coating also showed a significant improvement. ARTICLE HISTORY

“…This structure is related to the multi-component coatings as reported by other researchers. 24 Thus, with an increase in the Zr content, the grain size decreased and the film thickness increased due to the continuous re-nucleation and the formation of a nanocomposite structure which favours grain refinement during the growth process. Similar grain size variation with different Zr and Cr contents was observed in Cr-Zr-N films by Aouadi et al 22 According to the Mahieu SMZ, 23 this structure is between zone I-a and zone I-b.…”

Section: Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, addition of Ni to CrN coatings can significantly decrease the friction coefficient, especially in the bilayer Ni-Cr-N which showed a better interlayer adhesion and adhesion with mild steel substrate. 24 However, with adhesive critical high load of 34.3 N, delamination fracture of the Cr-Zr-N coating from the substrate was observed at the borders of the wear track (Fig. 6c).…”

Section: Tribological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of R.F. magnetron sputtered Cr-N, Cr-Zr-N and Zr-N coatings

Transactions of the IMF

Samad

et al. 2017

is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. Binary Cr-N, Zr-N and Cr-Zr-N films were synthesised using a R.F. reactive magnetron sputtering technique by co-sputtering Cr and Zr. The crystalline structure, morphology, mechanical and tribological properties of the films as a function of Zr content were characterised by X-ray diffraction, microanalysis X (WDS, EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, nanoindentation, scratch adhesion and pin-on-disc sliding wear tests. The residual stress was calculated with the Stoney formula. The Cr-Zr-N films exhibit a two-phase microstructure, containing a cubic (CrN, ZrN) with hexagonal (Cr 2 N, Zr 2 N) phases, as shown by X-ray diffraction. As the Zr content increased, a columnar and compact structure is developed with a low surface roughness. The results reveal that the mechanical and tribological properties of the films were found to depend on the Zr content and the hardness (maximum 26.3 GPa) is greatly improved in comparison with CrN and ZrN films, especially at 31 at.-% Zr. In the scratch test, the hardest film (Cr 0.18 Zr 0.31 N 0.47 ) exhibited an adhesive failure at Lc 2 = 34.3 N.