Investigation of the liquid density using Gamma scattering technique

Abstract

In this work, a gamma scattering technique using 137Cs (5mCi) source with the NaI(Tl) detector is arranged to record the scattered photon beam at scattering angle of 1200 for investigating the liquid density. We used standard liquid such as water, H2SO4, HCl, glycerol, HNO3, ethanol and A92 petrol to fit the single scattering peak, multiple scattering, and total counts versus standard liquid densities. The interpolating of the single scattering peak, multiple scattering, and total counts of the testing sample at scattering angle of 1200 is 0.702 g.cm-3, 0.783 g.cm-3, and 0.747 g.cm-3, respectively. The discrepancy of the experiment and true testing density is about 8 %, 3 %, and 2 %, respectively. The result shows that multiple scattering or total counts can be used to propose the density measurement.

Elucidating Improvements to MIL‐101(Cr)’s Porosity and Particle Size Distributions based on Innovations and Fine‐Tuning in Synthesis Procedures

“…Existing studies illustrate that the nonoptimal molar ratios of water in MIL‐101(Cr) syntheses affect the yield and porosity of the resulting HF‐MIL‐101(Cr) samples. [ 11,36,37 ] More importantly, the purification processes conducted may be inadequate in removing residual H 2 BDC, solvents, and side products within and around the pores of HF‐MIL‐101(Cr). [ 11,19,20 ]…”

“…Existing studies illustrate that the nonoptimal molar ratios of water in MIL-101(Cr) syntheses affect the yield and porosity of the resulting HF-MIL-101(Cr) samples. [11,36,37] More importantly, the purification processes conducted may be inadequate in removing residual H 2 BDC, solvents, and side products within and around the pores of HF-MIL-101(Cr). [11,19,20] Purification or activation processes for HF-MIL-101(Cr) samples include washing with additional solvents (heated or at room temperature) such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), ethanol or methanol, and ammonium fluoride (NH 4 F) solutions.…”