Investigation of the influence of superimposed AC current on lithium-ion battery aging using statistical design of experiments

A holistic DC link architecture design method for multiphase integrated modular motor drives

“…The acceleration performance is a criterion that originates from the end-application, and that is subjected to a lower bound. In drivetrains with batterysupplied inverters on the other hand, the battery lifetime depends on the battery ripple current rms value [8]. Therefore, the DC link filter design should use the maximum battery ripple current rms value, specified by the manufacturer, as a constraint [10].…”

“…Using only the peak DC link voltage criterion, which is imposed by the semiconductor breakdown voltage [5], might result in a large battery ripple current rms value. This can drastically reduce the lifetime of the battery pack [8].…”

“…In battery-supplied IMMDs, the battery ripple current should be considered as an additional criterion. According to [8], the battery ripple current rms value has a negative impact on the expected lifetime of the battery pack, and should therefore not exceed the limits specified by the battery manufacturer. The DC link capacitor should deliver the high-frequent current ripple instead of the battery [10], [13].…”

A Digital Control System for UPS Systems With Smart-Grid Capability

“…Nevertheless, their lifetime is significantly reduced by this ripple. Presently, lead-acid batteries are being replaced by more efficient lithium-ion batteries [28]. LI batteries are very sensitive to low-frequency current ripples and they can only safely handle very small amounts of ripples [28][29][30][31].…”

“…Presently, lead-acid batteries are being replaced by more efficient lithium-ion batteries [28]. LI batteries are very sensitive to low-frequency current ripples and they can only safely handle very small amounts of ripples [28][29][30][31]. Apart from disastrous effects on the batteries, the existence of these current ripples may have a deleterious functional impact on the transient performance of the UPS system and cause reduced conversion efficiency [32][33][34][35].…”