Investigation of the immune escape mechanism of Treponema pallidum

Tang, Yun; Zhou, Yingjie; He, Bisha; Cao, Ting; Zhou, Xiangping; Ning, Lichang; Chen, En; Li, Yumeng; Xie, Xiaoping; Peng, Binfeng; Yi-bao, HU; Liu, Shuangquan

doi:10.1007/s15010-022-01939-z

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…The interaction between T. pallidum and the host's immune system plays a pivotal role in the progression of syphilis. Understanding the immunological responses and pathogenic mechanisms involved is crucial for comprehending the disease's complexity [21]. Syphilis is unique in its ability to evade the immune system.…”

Section: Immunology and Pathogenesis Of Syphilismentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing Syphilis Research: Exploring New Frontiers in Immunology and Pharmacological Interventions

Fajemiroye,

Moreira,

Ito

et al. 2023

Venereology

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In recent years, the global resurgence of syphilis has posed significant challenges to public health. This sexually transmitted infection, caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, can have severe consequences if left untreated, including neurological and cardiovascular complications. Diagnosing syphilis is complex due to its diverse clinical presentations, necessitating a multifaceted approach, including serological, molecular, and direct techniques such as dark-field microscopy. Penicillin remains the primary and effective treatment, but emerging macrolide-resistant strains have spurred investigations into alternative antibiotics. Syphilis vaccine development faces unique hurdles, yet promising strategies are under investigation. Targeted prevention strategies focus on high-risk populations such as men who have sex with men, pregnant women, and individuals with multiple sexual partners. The integration of syphilis services into primary healthcare enhances accessibility, early detection, and treatment. Innovative point-of-care diagnostics offer rapid, sensitive testing, while ongoing vaccine research holds the potential for long-term prevention. Addressing the global burden of syphilis requires a multifaceted approach, encompassing immunological advancements, innovative diagnostics, targeted prevention, and primary healthcare integration. Collaborative efforts between governments, healthcare systems, researchers, and communities are essential to effectively combat syphilis, striving toward a syphilis-free future that promotes better sexual health and overall well-being.

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Section: Immunology and Pathogenesis Of Syphilismentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing Syphilis Research: Exploring New Frontiers in Immunology and Pharmacological Interventions

Fajemiroye,

Moreira,

Ito

et al. 2023

Venereology

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“…10 The ability of T. pallidum to evade the immune system is a distinctive characteristic, leading to its designation as the 'invisible pathogen'. 11 Previously, human monocytes were incubated with T. pallidum for 8 h, and the results revealed that more than half of the T. pallidum remained unphagocytosed. 12 It suggests a potential clue for T. pallidum immune evasion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, Borrelia burgdorferi , which shares similarities with T. pallidum in morphology, phylogeny and clinical manifestations, 9 was reported to enhance interleukin‐10 production to suppress the responses of macrophages 10 . The ability of T. pallidum to evade the immune system is a distinctive characteristic, leading to its designation as the ‘invisible pathogen’ 11 . Previously, human monocytes were incubated with T. pallidum for 8 h, and the results revealed that more than half of the T. pallidum remained unphagocytosed 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treponema pallidum protein Tp47 induced prostaglandin E2 to inhibit the phagocytosis in human macrophages

Yi,

Xu,

et al. 2024

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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BackgroundDuring Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) infection, the host's immune system actively engages in pursuit and elimination of T. pallidum, while T. pallidum skillfully employs various mechanisms to evade immune recognition. Macrophages exhibit incomplete clearance of T. pallidum in vitro and the underlying mechanism of how T. pallidum resists the attack of macrophage remains unclear.ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of T. pallidum membrane protein Tp47 on the phagocytosis of macrophages.MethodsTHP‐1‐derived macrophages were used to investigate the role of Tp47 in the secretion of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in macrophages and the mechanism by which Tp47 induced the production of PGE2, as well as the impact of PGE2 on the macrophage's phagocytosis.ResultsTp47 (1–10 μg/mL) significantly inhibited the phagocytosis of latex beads and T. pallidum in macrophages (p ≤ 0.05). PGE2 production by macrophages could be induced by Tp47, and the phagocytic function of macrophages could be restored using PGE2 antibody. Tp47 produced PGE2 by activating the PERK/NF‐κB/COX‐2 pathway in macrophages. Inhibitors targeting PERK, NF‐κB and COX‐2, respectively, reduced the level of PGE2 and restored the phagocytic function of macrophages.ConclusionTp47‐induced PGE2 production via the PERK/NF‐κB/COX‐2 pathway contributed to macrophage phagocytosis inhibition, which potentially contributes to immune evasion during the T. pallidum infection.

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Treponema pallidum protein Tp0136 promotes angiogenesis to facilitate the dissemination of Treponema pallidum

Li,

Luo,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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The incompletely eliminated Treponema pallidum ( T. pallidum ) during primary syphilis chancre infection can result in the progression of secondary, tertiary, or latent syphilis in individuals, suggesting that T. pallidum has successfully evaded the immune response and spread to distant sites. The mechanism underlying the dissemination of T. pallidum is unclear. Here, a syphilitic rabbit model dorsal-injected with recombinant Tp0136 protein or Tp0136 antibody subcutaneously was used to demonstrate the role of Tp0136 protein in promoting the dissemination of T. pallidum to the testis and angiogenesis in vivo ; vascular endothelial cell line HMEC-1 was employed to display that Tp0136 protein enhances the angiogenesis. Furthermore, the three-dimensional microfluidic angiogenesis system showed that the angiogenesis would heighten vascular permeability. Then transcriptome sequencing analysis, in conjunction with cell-level validation, elucidated the critical role of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in the promotion of angiogenesis by Tp0136 protein, resulting in heightened permeability. These findings elucidate the strategy employed by T. pallidum in evading immune clearance.

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Investigation of the immune escape mechanism of Treponema pallidum

Cited by 4 publications

References 131 publications

Advancing Syphilis Research: Exploring New Frontiers in Immunology and Pharmacological Interventions

Advancing Syphilis Research: Exploring New Frontiers in Immunology and Pharmacological Interventions

Treponema pallidum protein Tp47 induced prostaglandin E2 to inhibit the phagocytosis in human macrophages

Treponema pallidum protein Tp0136 promotes angiogenesis to facilitate the dissemination of Treponema pallidum

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