Investigation of the exposure to radon and progeny in the thermal spas of Loutraki (Attica-Greece): Results from measurements and modelling

Radon Levels in Portuguese Thermal Spas

“…Radon gas is recognized as the most significant natural source of human exposure and the leading cause of lung cancer incidence, with the exception of tobacco [1, 2,3,4,5,6]. Thermal spas have been identified as one of the professional activities with potentially higher exposure to radon mostly due to the inhalation of radon released from thermal waters [7].…”

Radon mapping, automatic measurements and extremely high 222Rn emissions during the 2002–2007 eruptive scenarios at Stromboli volcano

“…However, extremely high concentrations are not unusual in nature. Nikolopoulos et al (2012) found radon emissions reaching 500,000 Bq/m 3 during a very seismically active period occurred in South West Greece. Moreover, Žunić et al (2006) detected peaks of about 2,000,000 Bq/m3 in a thermal area of the Balkan region.…”

Indoor radon levels and total gamma dose rates measurements in Portuguese thermal spas

“…Several studies have been carried out in different countries: Algeria (Ziane et al, 2014), Austria (Bossew et al, 2007), Brazil (Alberigi et al, 2011), China (Song et al, 2011), Croatia (Radolić et al, 2005), Greece (Nikolopoulos et al, 2010), Hungary (Hámori et al, 2006), Serbia (Nikolov et al, 2012), Spain (Ródenas et al, 2008), Poland (Walczac et al, 2016 and Turkey (Tarim et al, 2012) to measure the radon concentration in indoor air and in natural mineral water of thermal spas in order to estimate the doses of natural radiation received by the workers. In the majority of these studies and due to several reasons, radon concentration can reach worrying levels.…”