Investigation of the estuarine stonefish (Synanceia horrida) venom composition

Ziegman, Rebekah; Undheim, Eivind A.B.; Baillie, Gregory J.; Jones, Alun; Alewood, Paul F.

doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2019.04.002

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Other venomous lineages again are neither able to quantitatively nor qualitatively modulate their venom. Examples include most venomous fish lineages, which possess simple venom glands that produce relatively few venom components that are not differentially or serially secreted (Figure 2c) [115,116]. Even in the more complex of these venom apparatuses, such as the syringe-like structures of Thalassophryne spp.…”

Section: Morphological Constraints On Venom Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diversity of Venom: The Importance of Behavior and Venom System Morphology in Understanding Its Ecology and Evolution

Schendel

Rash

Jenner

et al. 2019

Toxins

140

151

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Venoms are one of the most convergent of animal traits known, and encompass a much greater taxonomic and functional diversity than is commonly appreciated. This knowledge gap limits the potential of venom as a model trait in evolutionary biology. Here, we summarize the taxonomic and functional diversity of animal venoms and relate this to what is known about venom system morphology, venom modulation, and venom pharmacology, with the aim of drawing attention to the importance of these largely neglected aspects of venom research. We find that animals have evolved venoms at least 101 independent times and that venoms play at least 11 distinct ecological roles in addition to predation, defense, and feeding. Comparisons of different venom systems suggest that morphology strongly influences how venoms achieve these functions, and hence is an important consideration for understanding the molecular evolution of venoms and their toxins. Our findings also highlight the need for more holistic studies of venom systems and the toxins they contain. Greater knowledge of behavior, morphology, and ecologically relevant toxin pharmacology will improve our understanding of the evolution of venoms and their toxins, and likely facilitate exploration of their potential as sources of molecular tools and therapeutic and agrochemical lead compounds.

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Section: Morphological Constraints On Venom Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diversity of Venom: The Importance of Behavior and Venom System Morphology in Understanding Its Ecology and Evolution

Schendel

Rash

Jenner

et al. 2019

Toxins

140

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Section: Composition Of Synanceia Spp Venomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comprehensive characterization of the venom gland transcriptome and the proteome of crude venom from S. horrida has recently been published [ 60 ]. This analysis revealed that the venom proteome is primarily composed of proteins identified as C-type lectins and SNTX, with additional putative hyaluronidase and peroxiredoxin present [ 60 ] ( Table 2 ). C-type lectins appear to be the most abundant component in the proteome and are likely responsible for the hemagglutinating activity of the venom that contributes to the inflammation observed in envenomations [ 60 ].…”

Section: Composition Of Synanceia Spp Venomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This analysis revealed that the venom proteome is primarily composed of proteins identified as C-type lectins and SNTX, with additional putative hyaluronidase and peroxiredoxin present [ 60 ] ( Table 2 ). C-type lectins appear to be the most abundant component in the proteome and are likely responsible for the hemagglutinating activity of the venom that contributes to the inflammation observed in envenomations [ 60 ]. Peroxiredoxins are antioxidant proteins believed to be involved with the functional and structural diversification of toxins through disulfide bond formation [ 73 ].…”

Section: Composition Of Synanceia Spp Venomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Geographic Distribution, Venom Components, Pathology and Treatments of Stonefish (Synanceia spp.) Venom

et al. 2021

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Stonefish are regarded as one of the most venomous fish in the world. Research on stonefish venom has chiefly focused on the in vitro and in vivo neurological, cardiovascular, cytotoxic and nociceptive effects of the venom. The last literature review on stonefish venom was published over a decade ago, and much has changed in the field since. In this review, we have generated a global map of the current distribution of all stonefish (Synanceia) species, presented a table of clinical case reports and provided up-to-date information about the development of polyspecific stonefish antivenom. We have also presented an overview of recent advancements in the biomolecular composition of stonefish venom, including the analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data from Synanceia horrida venom gland. Moreover, this review highlights the need for further research on the composition and properties of stonefish venom, which may reveal novel molecules for drug discovery, development or other novel physiological uses.

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“…In Australia, Seqirus Ltd. (CSL) manufactures AVs for humans envenomated with snake, spider, and marine venoms. These venoms include a broad array of toxic components that must be neutralized for the AVs to be effective ( [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], summarized in Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potency Testing of Venoms and Antivenoms in Embryonated Eggs: An Ethical Alternative to Animal Testing

Verity¹,

Stewart²,

Vandenberg³

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Venoms are complex mixtures of biologically active molecules that impact multiple physiological systems. Manufacture of antivenoms (AVs) therefore requires potency testing using in vivo models to ensure AV efficacy. As part of ongoing research to replace small animals as the standard model for AV potency testing, we developed an alternate in vivo method using the embryonated egg model (EEM). In this model, the survival of chicken embryos envenomated in ovo is determined prior to 50% gestation, when they are recognized as animals by animal welfare legislation. Embryos were found to be susceptible to a range of snake, spider, and marine venoms. This included funnel-web spider venom for which the only other vertebrate, non-primate animal model is newborn mice. Neutralization of venom with standard AV allowed correlation of AV potency results from the EEM to results from animal assays. Our findings indicate that the EEM provides an alternative, insensate in vivo model for the assessment of AV potency. The EEM may enable reduction or replacement of the use of small animals, as longer-term research that enables the elimination of animal use in potency testing continues.

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Investigation of the estuarine stonefish (Synanceia horrida) venom composition

Cited by 13 publications

References 77 publications

The Diversity of Venom: The Importance of Behavior and Venom System Morphology in Understanding Its Ecology and Evolution

The Diversity of Venom: The Importance of Behavior and Venom System Morphology in Understanding Its Ecology and Evolution

The Geographic Distribution, Venom Components, Pathology and Treatments of Stonefish (Synanceia spp.) Venom

Potency Testing of Venoms and Antivenoms in Embryonated Eggs: An Ethical Alternative to Animal Testing

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