Investigation of the Emission Characteristics of Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles in Korea Based on EURO-VI Standards According to Type of After-Treatment System

Kim, Hyung Jun; Lee, Sang Hyun; Kwon, Sangil; Park, Gwan Soo; Lee, Jong-Hak; Keel, Ji Hoon; Lee, Jong Tae; Park, Suhan

doi:10.3390/en13184936

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Volkswagen Emissions Scandal: Volkswagen faced significant legal and financial repercussions for intentionally manipulating emissions data in their vehicles, violating environmental regulations. This scandal severely impacted the company's reputation [43]. Google's GDPR Fine: Google received a hefty fine from the European Union for not obtaining adequate user consent for personalized advertising.…”

Section: Legal and Regulatory Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization and Global Marketing: Adapting Digital Strategies for Diverse Audiences

Okonkwo,

Mujinga,

Namkoisse

et al. 2023

J. Digit. Mark. Commun.

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In an increasingly interconnected world, businesses aiming for global success must navigate the intricate landscape of localization and global marketing. This manuscript delves into the pivotal strategies required to adapt digital marketing approaches, reaching and engaging diverse audiences worldwide. It emphasizes the significance of adapting digital marketing strategies through localization techniques to effectively cater to diverse global audiences. Staying informed is paramount, as a deep understanding of local news, cultural events, and ongoing conversations within a region is essential for creating content that remains timely and relevant. Active engagement in conversations related to local trends amplifies brand visibility and engagement within the community. Collaborating with local influencers provides an authentic bridge to regional audiences, offering valuable insights into the pulse of local trends. Aligning content with local values, interests, and sensitivities ensures that marketing materials resonate positively with diverse audiences. Additionally, the strategic use of localized hashtags enhances content discoverability. Encouraging user-generated content serves a dual purpose: fostering engagement and authentic endorsements, thereby bolstering brand credibility.

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Section: Legal and Regulatory Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization and Global Marketing: Adapting Digital Strategies for Diverse Audiences

Okonkwo,

Mujinga,

Namkoisse

et al. 2023

J. Digit. Mark. Commun.

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“…However, current exhaust gas aftertreatment systems enable a significant NO x reduction, providing that they work under proper conditions, including the appropriate system temperature. One of the most effective NO x abatement methods is selective catalytic reduction [25]. However, SCR systems are efficient only if the temperature of the substrate lies within a specific range [4,34], which is dependent on the catalytic coating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical evaluation of urea-mixing devices for close-coupled selective catalytic reduction systems

Kaźmierski¹,

Kapusta²

2023

Combustion Engines

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The following research presents a numerical evaluation of existing and conceptual urea-mixing devices used in close-coupled (to the engine) selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. The analysis was aimed at the assessment of urea-mixing devices that could considerably enhance the reduction of nitrogen oxides from the diesel-engine combustion process under a wide range of operating conditions, including cold starts. The analysis showed that replacing blade-equipped static mixers with perforated stationary mixing devices may provide a more uniform spatial distribution of ammonia at the inlet to the SCR catalyst and reduce pressure drops generated by mixing devices. Moreover, the conceptual mixing devices, based on combinations of the blade and perforated mixers to develop intensive turbulence, enabled the increase of the mixing length leading to effective decomposition of the urea-water solution (UWS), and provided uniform spatial distribution of ammonia, even for the small-sized mixing systems. However, the intensive mixing was often associated with a significant rise in the pressure drop.

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“…In 2015, the average emissions for the produced vehicles fell to the level of 120.7 g/km of CO 2 . However, these were data for emissions from homologation procedures 2 of 19 for the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), which, compared to road data, significantly lowered the average values of emissions [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. The differences in CO 2 emissions for the NEDC and the road test reached 30-40% [28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Petrol and Natural Gas Vehicle Carbon Oxides Emissions in the Laboratory and On-Road Tests

et al. 2021

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The problem of global warming and the related climate change requires solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, in particular CO2. As a result, newly manufactured cars consume less fuel and emit lower amounts of CO2. In terms of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption, old cars are significantly inferior to the more recent models. In Poland, for instance, the average age of passenger cars is approximately 13 years. Therefore, apart from developing new solutions in the cars produced today, it is important to focus on measures that enable the reduction in CO2 emissions in older vehicles. These methods include the adaptation of used cars to run on gaseous fuels. Natural gas is a hydrocarbon fuel that is particularly preferred in terms of CO2 emissions. The article presents the results of research of carbon oxides emission (CO, CO2) in the exhaust gas of a passenger car fueled by petrol and natural gas. The emissions were measured under the conditions of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) test and in real road tests. The test results confirm that compared to petrol, a CNG vehicle allows for a significant reduction in CO2 and CO emissions in a car that is several years old, especially in urban traffic conditions.

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Investigation of the Emission Characteristics of Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles in Korea Based on EURO-VI Standards According to Type of After-Treatment System

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Localization and Global Marketing: Adapting Digital Strategies for Diverse Audiences

Localization and Global Marketing: Adapting Digital Strategies for Diverse Audiences

Numerical evaluation of urea-mixing devices for close-coupled selective catalytic reduction systems

Assessment of Petrol and Natural Gas Vehicle Carbon Oxides Emissions in the Laboratory and On-Road Tests

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