Investigation of the effects of SPEEK and its clay composite membranes on the performance of Direct Borohydride Fuel Cell

Ata, Kürşat Can; Kadıoğlu, Tuncay; Türkmen, Anıl Can; Çelik, Cenk; Akay, Ramiz Gültekin

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.09.203

Cited by 15 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…[17] Whereas, SPEEK/Cloisite 30B composite membrane has given 40 mW/cm 2 power density value, which is higher than the SPEEK membrane (35 mW/cm 2 ) at 80 C. The proton conductivities of the final composite membranes were close to bare SPEEK membranes which are 0.065 and 0.075 S/cm for SPEEK/ Cloisite 30B and pristine SPEEK, respectively. [18] The presence of the carboxylic acid group in the clay layers improved the connectivity between the ionic clusters in the composite membrane, but only at low temperature, and the WU ratio was undesirable at 40-50%. Thus, the presence of sulfonic and carboxylic acid groups in clay showed undesirable WU and good conductivity at low temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical characterization of low sulfonated polyether ether ketone/Smectite clay composite for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Ahmed

Charradi

Alsulami

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) with a low sulfonation degree was blended using different proportions of sodium rich Smectite clay (3 and 6 wt%) to use as an electrolyte membrane for fuel cell application. The structural functionalities, surface morphologies, and the thermal stability of the resultant composite membranes were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, atom force microscopy, and thermo-gravimetric analysis. FT-IR showed that no chemical reactions take place between the sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) and the clay with different ratios. XRD diffractograms illustrated a lower degree of crystallinity of the blended SPEEK than pristine SPEEK. The elaborated composite membranes proved to have a higher thermal stability than SPEEK. Furthermore, the SPEEK/clay composite membranes with 3 and 6 wt% in clay loading had higher water uptake and lower methanol uptake than those in pristine SPEEK It was also shown that, the incorporation of sodium ions rich Smectite clay layers between the clusters in SPEEK improved the conductivity to 2 × 10 −2 S/cm at 140 C (for 6 wt% in clay) without compromising the dimensional stability of the composite membranes. These results propose the composite membranes as a potential candidate for methanol fuel cells at temperatures above 120 C making SPEEK composite membrane competitive to that of Nafion membrane.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical characterization of low sulfonated polyether ether ketone/Smectite clay composite for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Ahmed

Charradi

Alsulami

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Simultaneously, proton conductivity decreases with increasing filler content for SPEEK/ IC and SPEEK/OC hybrid membranes. 78 Ata et al 79 have prepared sulfonation PEEK membranes using the solvent casting process of inorganic clay. At the high weight ratio (5% weight) of clay addition, the formation of inorganic clay composite membranes with SPEEK showed that ion exchange and fuel exchange decreased.…”

Section: Clay Additives In Speekmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the high weight ratio (5% weight) of clay addition, the formation of inorganic clay composite membranes with SPEEK showed that ion exchange and fuel exchange decreased. Ata et al 79 stated that this clay could loosen sulfonic bonds and prevent negative particles from exchanging. Jaafar et al 74 have created the SPEEK/ Cloisite15A/2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (TAP) membrane of the nanostructure.…”

Section: Clay Additives In Speekmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of alternative polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell application based on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)

2021

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A proton exchange membrane (PEM) is a crucial component in a fuel cell application as a proton carrier and separator for the anode and cathode. Sulfonated poly(ether ketone ether) (SPEEK) has been recognized as one of the promising alternatives PEM in fuel cell application due to the advantagious properties of SPEEK, including the high thermal stability, proton conductivity, mechanical strength, low fuel crossover, and easy to operate. The proton conductivity properties of SPEEK are influenced by the degree of sulfonation (DS). In practical, high DS of SPEEK-based membrane will produce high proton conductivity and a high density of sulfonic acid functional groups grafted into the polymer backbone. However, the excessive production of DS will have side effects on the stability of membrane dimensional and chemical properties.Meanwhile, the low DS of SPEEK has reduced the ability to diffuse the proton within the polymeric matrix. Therefore, getting the optimal DS SPEEK is very important to fabricate the alternative of PEM. But this process is hard. Thus, the researchers have modified the SPEEK membrane with various types of nanoparticles as a filler. This is one of the promising efforts to improve the SPEEK membrane properties and fuel cell application performance. This review aimed to discuss eight conductive materials such as silica, clay, metal oxide, heteropolyacids, carbon, graphene, metal organic framework, and zeolite used as fillers to develop the PEM component based on SPEEK for fuel cell applications. This review also comprehensively discusses the characterization of SPEEK-based membrane modification, including mechanical properties, water intake, proton conductivity, thermal properties, fuel permeability, crystal and structural analysis, chemical oxidation stability, and single-cell performance. Thus, this article can serve as a reference for researchers to planning the best strategies to optimize the properties and performance of the SPEEKbased membrane for fuel cell application.

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“…Therefore, researchers are looking for alternatives with green, efficient, and inexpensive polymeric films. Recently, the use of cheap, green polymers that can be biodegraded, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and iota carrageenan (IC), has become more attractive [ 18 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Promising Green Cation-Exchange-Membranes-Based Sulfonated PVA and Doped with Nano Sulfated Zirconia for Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells

et al. 2021

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The direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC) is a low-temperature fuel cell that requires the development of affordable price and efficient proton exchange membranes for commercial purposes. In this context, super-acidic sulfated zirconia (SO4ZrO2) was embedded into a cheap and environmentally friendly binary polymer blend, developed from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and iota carrageenan (IC). The percentage of SO4ZrO2 ranged between 1 and 7.5 wt.% in the polymeric matrix. The study findings revealed that the composite membranes’ physicochemical features improved by adding increasing amounts of SO4ZrO2. In addition, there was a decrease in the permeability and swelling ratio of the borohydride membranes as the SO4ZrO2 weight% increased. Interestingly, the power density increased to 76 mW cm−2 at 150 mA cm−2, with 7.5 wt.% SO4ZrO2, which is very close to that of Nafion117 (91 mW cm−2). This apparent selectivity, combined with the low cost of the eco-friendly fabricated membranes, points out that DBFC has promising future applications.

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Investigation of the effects of SPEEK and its clay composite membranes on the performance of Direct Borohydride Fuel Cell

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Physicochemical characterization of low sulfonated polyether ether ketone/Smectite clay composite for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Physicochemical characterization of low sulfonated polyether ether ketone/Smectite clay composite for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

A review of alternative polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell application based on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)

Design of Promising Green Cation-Exchange-Membranes-Based Sulfonated PVA and Doped with Nano Sulfated Zirconia for Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells

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