Investigation of the effects of pH and bile on the growth of oral Campylobacter concisus strains isolated from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and controls

Ma, Ruonan; Sapwell, Nicholas; Chung, Heung Kit Leslie; Lee, Hoyul; Mahendran, Vikneswari; Leong, Rupert W.; Riordan, Stephen M.; Grimm, Michael; Zhang, Li

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.000013

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…These strains were first cultured on horse blood agar (HBA, Oxoid, Hampshire, United Kingdom) plates consisting of 6% defibrinated horse blood (Oxoid) in anaerobic conditions with 5% hydrogen as previously described ( Lee et al, 2014 ). Cultures with an optical density of 0.1 at a wavelength of 595 nm (OD 595 0.1) were prepared ( Ma et al, 2015 ), and 5 μL was inoculated onto HBA, HBA with 0.2% sodium formate (HBA form ), HBA fum0.4 , and HBA plates with both 0.2% sodium formate and 0.4% sodium fumarate (HBA fum+form ) and streaked for single colonies. After incubation, all plates were examined for colony size differences by visual inspection and plate photographs were obtained through a Samsung HZ30W digital camera attached to the stereomicroscope at a magnification of 20×.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of sodium fumarate and sodium formate on the growth of C. concisus were also quantified through CFU determination of the randomly chosen C. concisus strain, P26UCO-S2. P26UCO-S2 was cultured first cultured on HBA as described above before inoculation onto HBA, HBA fum0.4 , HBA form , and HBA fum+form in triplicates and incubated for 72 h. After incubation, cultures were collected and serially diluted for bacterial enumeration using the drop plate method as previously described ( Ma et al, 2015 ). Experiments were repeated three times.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pH of H 2 O solutions containing 0.05, 0.2, 0.4, 1, and 2% fumaric acid, monosodium fumarate, or disodium fumarate was measured with a pH meter (Eutech pH700, Eutech Instrument, Singapore). The solutions of fumaric acid and monosodium fumarate were acidic and it was previously shown that low pH abolishes the viability of C. concisus ( Ma et al, 2015 ). However, the ingested fumaric acid and monosodium fumarate would be neutralized in the lower gastrointestinal tract.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Growth and Protein Expression of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Campylobacter concisus Is Affected by the Derivatives of the Food Additive Fumaric Acid

Liu

Yap

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract with multifactorial etiology. Both dietary factors and the microbe Campylobacter concisus have been found to be associated with the condition. The current study examined the effects of sodium fumarate, a neutralized product of the food additives fumaric acid and monosodium fumarate when in the intestinal environment, on the growth of C. concisus to determine the effects of these food additives on IBD-associated bacterial species. Through culture methods and quantification, it was found that neutralized fumaric acid, neutralized monosodium fumarate, and sodium fumarate increased the growth of C. concisus, with the greatest increase in growth at a concentration of 0.4%. Further examination of 50 C. concisus strains on media with added sodium fumarate showed that greatest growth was also achieved at a concentration of 0.4%. At a concentration of 2% sodium fumarate, all strains examined displayed less growth in comparison with those cultured on media without sodium fumarate. Using mass spectrometry, multiple C. concisus proteins showed significant differential expression when cultured on media with and without 0.4% sodium fumarate. The findings presented suggest that patients with IBD should consider avoiding excessive consumption of foods with fumaric acid or its sodium salts, and that the addition of 0.4% sodium fumarate alone to media may assist in the isolation of C. concisus from clinical samples.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Growth and Protein Expression of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Campylobacter concisus Is Affected by the Derivatives of the Food Additive Fumaric Acid

Liu

Yap

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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“…C. concisus is part of the oral microbiota, with it being detected in saliva samples of nearly every individual (Zhang et al, 2010 ). C. concisus strains have different abilities in resistance to the enteric environmental factors such as the bile, some were able to colonize the intestinal tract (Ma et al, 2015 ). Some oral C. concisus strains may cause enteric diseases; they were found to induce intestinal epithelial death and production of proinflammatory cytokines (Nielsen et al, 2011 ; Ismail et al, 2012 , 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacter concisus Genomospecies 2 Is Better Adapted to the Human Gastrointestinal Tract as Compared with Campylobacter concisus Genomospecies 1

et al. 2017

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Campylobacter concisus was previously shown to be associated with inflammatory bowel disease including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). C. concisus has two genomospecies (GS). This study systematically examined the colonization of GS1 and GS2 C. concisus in the human gastrointestinal tract. GS1 and GS2 specific polymorphisms in 23S rRNA gene were identified by comparison of the 23S rRNA genes of 49 C. concisus strains. Two newly designed PCR methods, based on the polymorphisms of 23S rRNA gene, were developed and validated. These PCR methods were used to detect and quantify GS1 and GS2 C. concisus in 56 oral and enteric samples collected from the gastrointestinal tract of patients with IBD and healthy controls. Meta-analysis of the composition of the isolated GS1 and GS2 C. concisus strains in previous studies was also conducted. The quantitative PCR methods revealed that there was more GS2 than GS1 C. concisus in samples collected from the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract of both patients with IBD and healthy controls, showing that GS2 C. concisus is better adapted to the human gastrointestinal tract. Analysis of GS1 and GS2 composition of isolated C. concisus strains in previous studies showed similar findings except that in healthy individuals a significantly lower GS2 than GS1 C. concisus strains were isolated from fecal samples, suggesting a potential difference in the C. concisus strains or the enteric environment between patients with gastrointestinal diseases and healthy controls. This study provides novel information regarding the adaptation of different genomospecies of C. concisus in the human gastrointestinal tract.

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“…Their growth under anaerobic and microaerobic conditions is strongly favored by the presence of H 2 , and also affected by other environmental factors in the gastrointestinal tract such as pH and bile (Lee et al, 2014; Ma et al, 2015). The human oral cavity is the natural reservoir of C. concisus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azathioprine, Mercaptopurine, and 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Affect the Growth of IBD-Associated Campylobacter Species and Other Enteric Microbes

Liu

Riordan

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

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Campylobacter concisus is a bacterium that is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Immunosuppressive drugs including azathioprine (AZA) and mercaptopurine (MP), and anti-inflammatory drug such as 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) are commonly used to treat patients with IBD. This study aimed to examine the effects of AZA, MP, and 5-ASA on the growth of IBD-associated bacterial species and to identify bacterial enzymes involved in immunosuppressive drug metabolism. A total of 15 bacterial strains of five species including 11 C. concisus strains, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli were examined. The impact of AZA, MP, and 5-ASA on the growth of these bacterial species was examined quantitatively using a plate counting method. The presence of enzymes involved in AZA and MP metabolism in these bacterial species was identified using bioinformatics tools. AZA and MP significantly inhibited the growth of all 11 C. concisus strains. C. concisus strains were more sensitive to AZA than MP. 5-ASA showed inhibitory effects to some C. concisus strains, while it promoted the growth of other C. concisus strains. AZA and MP also significantly inhibited the growth of B. fragilis and B. vulgatus. The growth of E. coli was significantly inhibited by 200 μg/ml of AZA as well as 100 and 200 μg/ml of 5-ASA. Bacterial enzymes related to AZA and MP metabolism were found, which varied in different bacterial species. In conclusion, AZA and MP have inhibitory effects to IBD-associated C. concisus and other enteric microbes, suggesting an additional therapeutic mechanism of these drugs in the treatment of IBD. The strain dependent differential impact of 5-ASA on the growth of C. concisus may also have clinical implication given that in some cases 5-ASA medications were found to cause exacerbations of colitis.

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Investigation of the effects of pH and bile on the growth of oral Campylobacter concisus strains isolated from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and controls

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

The Growth and Protein Expression of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Campylobacter concisus Is Affected by the Derivatives of the Food Additive Fumaric Acid

The Growth and Protein Expression of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Campylobacter concisus Is Affected by the Derivatives of the Food Additive Fumaric Acid

Campylobacter concisus Genomospecies 2 Is Better Adapted to the Human Gastrointestinal Tract as Compared with Campylobacter concisus Genomospecies 1

Azathioprine, Mercaptopurine, and 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Affect the Growth of IBD-Associated Campylobacter Species and Other Enteric Microbes

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